The short form, which was asked of 80 percent of the total population, includes only seven basic questions: name, relationship to the head of the household, sex, age, marital status, race and religion. Muslims (mostly Sunni) comprise 0000009664 00000 n This act essentially legitimized discrimination against the Rohingya, which continues today. [11] Jamie Pinnock, Burma: Buddhism and the Rise of Burmese Militant Nationalism, The Foreign Report (July 1, 2013), http://www.theforeignreport.com/2013/07/01/burma-buddhism-and-the-rise-. WebApproximately 6 percent are Christians, primarily Baptists, Roman Catholics, and Anglicans, along with several small Protestant denominations. There also exists draft legislation that, if passed, would limit interfaith marriages in an attempt to prevent Buddhist women from converting to Islam. The vast majority of people, 89%, profess Buddhism. 0000001481 00000 n %%EOF endstream endobj startxref 26 0 obj <> endobj In 1989, an unelected military regime changed the name of Burma to Myanmar. 0000029681 00000 n 0000008546 00000 n 0000003605 00000 n [24] In Rakhine State, many of the police are selected from the Rakhine Buddhist community and often do not remain impartial when violence erupts between Buddhists and Muslims. [16] Reform Fails to Help Myanmars Rohingya, IISS Strategic Comments, Vol. 0000007162 00000 n WebMyanmar is the most religious Buddhist country with regard to the percentage of the population living as monks and the amount of money spent on religion. Ongoing repression of Rohingya is driven by Burman Buddhist fear of Islamic encroachment into Myanmar, as well as an ongoing belief that the Rohingya could potentially threaten Burmese sovereignty by further segregating Rakhine State. Looser censorship has also correlated with the increasing penetration of social media into Burmese society. There is a significant correlation between ethnicity and religion. In the 19th century, many tribes who had been treated as inferior due to their animistic beliefs, such as the Chins, converted to Christianity. endstream endobj 95 0 obj <>stream When referring to the World Happiness Report, we see a ranking of 130, with an overall rating of 4.3 out of 10. s\A0W+ It was during an outing to the outside world that he witnessed illness and poverty for the first time. GQ}^. We will also examine the unique blend of animism and spirit worship that is deeply rooted in Burmese culture. The first is constructed around a fear of Islamic encroachment into Myanmar and demographic besiegement by Muslimsan idea that runs deep in Burman Buddhist society. The root causes of the recent waves of inter-religious violence involving Rohingya Muslims of Rakhine State are deep, complex and date back many centuries. However, while Buddhist nationalists have clearly stoked violence and legitimized Islamophobic actions, there are many Buddhists who have tried to promote peace with their Muslim neighbors. Strategic Technologies and Cyber Security, Oman Library at the Middle East Institute, Earth Day: Environmental Opportunities and Challenges in the Middle East, Womens Reproductive Rights and Abortion in Morocco: Regulatory Reforms Should Not Miss the Bigger Picture, http://www.networkmyanmar.com/images/stories/PDF12/rohingya-origins-1-r, http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21582321-fuelled-dangerous-brew-fait, http://www.networkmyanmar.org/images/stories/PDF15/Leider-Note.pdf, http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4f71b, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/world/asia/rise-in-bigotry-fuels-mass, http://www.theforeignreport.com/2013/07/01/burma-buddhism-and-the-rise-, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/SEA-01-180314.html, http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21565638-why-buddhists-and-muslims-r, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-01/an-myanmar-considers-law-restricting-interfaith-marriage/5292534, http://www.fortifyrights.org/downloads/Policies_of_Persecution_Feb_25_F, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs15/Rakhine_Commission_Report-en-red.pdf, http://www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/Perspective/RSIS2212013.pdf, http://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/handle/10220/8784/RSIS1312012.pdf?sequen, http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/burma0413webwcover_0.pdf, http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/press-releases/abuse-against-myanmar-s-r, Indonesia and the Middle East: Exploring Connections, Islam, Migrants and Multiculturalism: A Glance at Germany, Korea and Beyond, Sectarian Violence Involving Rohingya in Myanmar: Historical Roots and Modern Triggers. Data have been collected Population aged 65+ Sexual and Reproductive Health . With about four percent in Myanmars. 0000004853 00000 n Subscribe and receive our travel ideas and tips twice a month, Shanti Travel14 rue de Tolbiac75013 Paris. However, religions are powerful forces. 2018 Middle East Institute All Rights Reserved | Accessibility Policy |Built by Social Driver. Other data may have varying ages. Myanmar | Religion and Public Life at Harvard Divinity School Their children are often forced to participate in Buddhist rituals which take place at school every morning before class begins. 0000009258 00000 n The forecast population for 2020 is 54,808,276, Population estimates based on interpolation of data from World Population Prospects. The fertility rate in Myanmar is 2.13 births per woman, which is high enough for population replacement (2.1 births per woman); however, it has been declining over the past several years, contributing to the slowing population growth rate. . The founder of Buddhism is the Buddha,Siddharta Gautamawho lived in the 5th century BC. While many monks in Myanmar seem to support and even advocate for violence against their Muslim neighbors, there are others who are constantly working to end the violence. By 2013, in neighboring Bangladesh alone around 300,000 Rohingya refugees lived in camps along the border. Today, these people live in refugee camps in their own country. Buddhism does not have a creator god like other religions and it does not contain theories either. [2] After the first of three Anglo-Burmese wars ended in 1826, Rakhine State was brought under British colonial administration, which had an open immigration policy that allowed an influx of Bengali Muslims into the newly colonized territory. The country is very ethnically diverse with 135 ethnic groups recognized by the government. Copyright 2023 The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Religion and Society Graduate Certificate (Harvard Extension School). Joshua Project makes every effort to ensure that the subject in an image is in fact from the specific people group. About 87% of the population in Myanmar identify as Theravada Buddhists. Web Religion in Myanmar is spread across Buddhist with 879 Christian 62 Muslim 43 Animist 08 Hindu 05 other 02 and none at 01 of the population. Most Bamar, Shan, Mon, Rakhine, Karen, and many ethnic groups of Myanmar follow [10] The 969 movement has gained many followers by labeling itself as a protector of Buddhism from aliens or non-native persons. Clicking Update will rewrite the URL in the address bar allowing you to bookmark this page. This glossary lists terms that are used in various places in the religion and country profiles. Myanmar, also known as Burma, is a country rich in history, culture, and traditions. 0000002503 00000 n Code columns are usually hidden by default. 0000008087 00000 n 0000011367 00000 n A>E `@q The prince of a small kingdom in India, he lived in opulence thanks to his familys wealth without having the slightest contact with anything outside the palace, neither with poverty, nor with misery, nor death. 19, Issue 10 (2013), 1. Myanmar has maintained steady growth over the past century despite its battles both in ending British rule and with the ongoing civil wars. New media, such as Facebook, have facilitated the rapid spread of accusations, often inflaming already volatile situations. Burmese Hindus are a mix of Bengalis, Tamils, Telegus, and Uttar Pradeshis who arrived in Burma under British colonialism. After Christianity, the third-largestreligion in Myanmaris Islam. [27] Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Final Report of Inquiry Commission on Sectarian Violence in Rakhine State (July 8, 2013), 48, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs15/Rakhine_Commission_Report-en-red.pdf. WebOfficially, 4% of the inhabitants of Myanmar are Muslim. While Rohingya leaders claim to be the descendants of the precolonial Muslim community of Rakhine State, the term Rohingya only appeared in 1799 in an article on the comparative vocabulary in the Burma Empire to describe the indigenous people of Rakhine State.[1]. Prolonged periods of repression were accompanied by cycles of Rohingya migration from Rakhine State to bordering Bangladesh. 0000005648 00000 n In Myanmar, each village has a pagoda and a monastery for worship and religious ceremonies. [15] Jane Perlez, Rise in Bigotry Fuels Massacre Inside Myanmar, International New York Times (March 1, 2014). 0000012575 00000 n 1763 N St. NW, Washington D.C. 20036. endstream endobj 37 0 obj <> endobj 38 0 obj <> endobj 39 0 obj <>stream In other words, they believe that they have only done wrong if the result of their action is what they explicitly intended. 117 0 obj <>stream Nearly 90% of the country is Buddhist, and most are members of the majority ethnic community known as Burmans. [nor] could [they] write or read the official Bamar language used in government communications.[19] Indeed, the majority of Rohingya speak a dialect similar to Bengali, and many can read and write in Urdu. Growth rates have declined for all of Indias major religious groups, but the slowdown has been more pronounced among religious minorities, who outpaced Hindus in earlier decades. One Buddhist nationalist monk, U Wirathu, was even described on the cover of Time Magazine as The Face of Buddhist Terror in 2013. It does not engage in advocacy and its scholars opinions are their own. bG^P.mW/r"> U4cT7hksC/)T~X]][/88h a NB4' $.FkRd> Web 5 hours agoPeople walk outside of a church in the Kachin state of Myanmar where 95 percent of residents are Christian. (6%CbmYIw<>g0Y@8 e8%A@%`aZ+#t 1$BITDDB%:dQD|_uj2ANWTX$0dCcsrWWTT?8|FpC8Mm7!3t=4Zm6]'^eo:_=@iq"y6PaLq"DsgMnW |1,W&F"q34Eu1UMln2k4rQ-rErX6?\=e5eYk"G`mQyjfB1bR3"AzCW mA/Dafe R^26osQF%87q+{"ke??<7W92'PiA?0NExZ.b`V.E_CqD|mf0$SK|$9jv}|8v}x+w$\c(d; Wd"T:2snU(8 ;'GG'gxr`Q}pfOzkd Uz{6\VzdtmDG._5hE3.gpD#YfWA}0y@o2#MRw))cDcD((ET-nY#d5=`GQUgp>KS/)"gm/u%qA..ybr}}1eF?G=rBVyXz3Jw{03)-%/|kr[GEbs[|)2 Q On-the-ground reality may vary from what is presented here. w+|R6r5pRCyzh+xm6f{.xmpf2YZ|_pT~9dbb?f4 0vev4l,{w}?_3~`9'L;v:5mpZGjneS?J5TjyNCJ;]%S9tA]@%Pv/_zjJ During the riots in Meiktila in March 2013, Burmese police did little, if anything, to contain the situation. [17] Myanmar Considers Law Restricting Inter-Faith Marriage, Australia Network News (March 1, 2014), http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-03-01/an-myanmar-considers-law-restricting-interfaith-marriage/5292534; and Tin Maung Maung Than, Myanmar in 2013: At the Halfway Mark, Asian Survey, Vol. Myanmar is predominantly a Buddhist country, with around 90% of the population following Theravada Buddhism. - Evangelicals have a significant presence.

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