China's high-speed railways plunge from high profits into a debt trap | ORF Most new HSR lines in China have witnessed a sharp decline in their "transportation density". In October 2010, CRH service more than 1,000 trains per day, with a daily ridership of about 925,000.[193]. This percentage increased to 65%, 69% and 72% in the year of 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. It is also known as "the most profitable" rail line, with annual growth rate of profits registered at 39.4 percent from 2014 to 2019. [41] Of the 60 train sets, three were directly delivered from Nagoya, Japan, six were kits assembled at CSR Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock, and the remaining 51 were made in China using transferred technology with domestic and imported parts. [134], The HSR network reached 37,900km (23,500mi) in total length by the end of 2020. The high-speed rail (HSR) network in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the world's longest and most extensively used - with a total length of 42,000 kilometres (26,000 mi) by the end of 2022. New rail lines are simply not going to be as profitable as more mature rail lines that have reached their planned capacity targets. [60] Investigators found evidence that another 187million ($28.5million) was misappropriated from the $33billion BeijingShanghai high-speed railway in 2010. [34] These concerns have prevented the construction of the proposed extension of the maglev to Hangzhou. Moreover, State-owned corporation also uses bulk purchasing to reduce material prices. Please do not hesitate to contact me. "[18] EMU train sets have no more than 16railcars with axle load not greater than 17tonnes and service interval of not less than threeminutes. As of February 2016, high-speed rails covered nearly 20,000km (12,427mi). Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. Slow and often uncomfortable trains plodded across this vast country, with low average speeds making journeys such as. The line supports commercial train service at speeds of 200250km/h (120160mph), and has become a segment of the rail corridor between Beijing and Northeast China. [89], The train collision exposed poor management by the railway company. [195] Additionally, another two lines are under construction, the Qingyuan Maglev and the Fenghuang Maglev. Show sources information Photo . The earliest example of higher-speed commercial train service in China was the Asia Express, a luxury passenger train that operated in Japanese-controlled Manchuria from 1934 to 1943. [231], Media related to High-speed rail in China at Wikimedia Commons, For rail transport in China generally, see. [110] Five new lines totaling 2,563km (1,593mi) in length entered operation between June 30 and December 31, including the Beijing-Wuhan section of the Beijing-Guangzhou line. Published by Statista Research Department , Feb 3, 2023. "[46] Since then, CSR has ended its cooperation with Kawasaki. Photo: People's Daily [15], A 2019 World Bank study estimated the rate of economic return of China's high-speed rail network to be at 8 percent, which is well above the opportunity cost of capital in China for major long term infrastructure investments. [47] Kawasaki challenged China's high-speed rail project for patent theft, but backed off the effort.[48]. In China, high-speed rail service is competitive with road and air transport for distances of up to about 1200 km. In 2012, the average occupancy rate of high-speed rails in China was 57%. [102], In the first half of 2011, the MOR as a whole made a profit of 4.29 billion and carried a total debt burden of 2.09 trillion, equal to about 5% of China's GDP. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). [12][13] However, a Paulson Institute research had estimated that the net benefit of the high-speed rail to the Chinese economy to be approximately $378 billion and an annual return on investment at 6.5%. [61] Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. [209] This EMU passenger figure includes ridership from certain D- and C-class trains that are technically not within the definition of high-speed rail in China, as well as ridership from EMU train sets serving routes on conventional track or routes that combine high-speed track and conventional track. [83] State-run Chinese media confirmed 40 deaths, and at least 192 people hospitalised, including 12 who were severely injured. As a Premium user you get access to background information and details about the release of this statistic. Annual car sales worldwide 2010-2022, with a forecast for 2023, Battery electric vehicles in use worldwide 2016-2021, Annual gas prices in the United States 1990-2021, Automotive industry worldwide - statistics & facts, Motorcycle industry in the United States - statistics & facts, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. [181] The losses must be covered by the operator, which is usually subsidized by local governments. [Online]. There have been numerous attempts to extend the line without success. The Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Line showed the greater compatibility of HSR on conventional track with the rest of China's standard gauge rail network. Ministry held the power drafting policy on railroad transposition, development of the rail network and rail infrastructure in China. As of March 2011, no major quality defects had been found in the system. COVID-19 outbreak disrupted rail transport In 2003, the MOR was believed to favor Japan's Shinkansen technology, especially the 700 series. China has built the bulk of the world's . The Shanghai Maglev is the world's first high-speed commercial magnetic levitation ("maglev") line, whose trains run on non-conventional track and reach a top speed of 430km/h (267mph). Service failures in the first month of operation drove passengers back to pre-existing slower rail service and air travel; airline ticket prices rebounded due to reduced competition. ", Gerald Ollivier, Richard Bullock, Ying Jin and Nanyan Zhou, "High-Speed Railways in China: A Look at Traffic" World Bank China Transport Topics No. Build It, And They Will. Critics both in China and abroad have questioned the necessity of having an expensive high-speed rail system in a largely developing country, where most workers cannot afford to pay a premium for faster travel. [100] To stimulate ridership, on August 16, 2011 ticket prices on high-speed trains were reduced by five percent. In the second year, ridership rose to 22.3million and revenues improved to 1.4billion, which narrowed losses somewhat to below 0.5billion. [178] In its first year of operation from August 1, 2008, to July 31, 2009, the line carried 18.7million riders and generated 1.1billion in revenues, which resulted in a loss of 0.7billion. In July 2016, the state planners reorganized the national HSR network including HSR lines in operation, under construction and under planning into eight vertical and eight horizontal high speed rail corridors, almost doubling the network.[189][190]. Use Ask Statista Research Service, Public Transportation & Mobility Services, Fastest trains in the world by record speed 2022, Length of highspeed railway lines in use worldwide in 2021, by country, Passenger transport volume of highspeed railways in China 2008-2021, Revenue of the China Railway Group (CREC) 2011-2021, To download this statistic in XLS format you need a Statista Account, To download this statistic in PNG format you need a Statista Account, To download this statistic in PDF format you need a Statista Account. Policy planners debated the necessity and economic viability of high-speed rail service. Even the more modest plan to extend the maglev to Shanghai's other airport, Hongqiao, has stalled. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. The Chinese firm will work alongside two Russian companies for on the designs for a total cost of 20.8 billion rubles ($383 million) over the next two years, according to Russian Railways. [22] In December 1994, the State Council commissioned a feasibility study for the line.[22]. "Number of High-speed Railways in China as of August in 2019, by Profit Status and Speed. Some intercity lines run parallel to other high-speed rail lines but serve more stations along the route. [209] At the end of 2018, cumulative passengers delivered by EMU trains is reported to be over 9 billion. Supports energy independence and environmental sustainability. On October 26, 2010, China opened its 15th high-speed rail, the ShanghaiHangzhou line, and unveiled the CRH380A trainset manufactured by CSR Sifang started regular service. Retrieved 2011-07-25", "First Chinese designed HS train breaks cover", "Keith Bradsher, "China Sees Growth Engine in a Web of Fast Trains". Length of express railways in China 2008-2021. [178], The Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan PDL lost 0.8billion in its first year and is set to lose 0.9billion in 2010. The biggest cost savings were found to be time saved by replacing automobile and air trips, which contribute to increased traffic and delays at each endpoint respectively. On mixed-use HSR lines, passenger train service can attain peak speeds of 200250km/h (120160mph). Fares are competitive with bus and airfares and are about one-fourth the base fares in other countries. A paid subscription is required for full access. [74] From July 20, 2011, the frequency of train service from Jinan to Beijing and Tianjin was reduced due to low occupancy, which renewed concerns about demand and profitability for high-speed services. [20] It was faster than the fastest trains in Japan at the time. [27][note 4] In all, travel speed increased on 22,000km (14,000mi), or one-fifth, of the national rail network, and the average speed of passenger trains improved to 70km/h (43mph). The CRH380A/AL, the first indigenous high-speed train of the CRH series, entered service on the Shanghai-Hangzhou High-Speed Railway on October 26, 2010. [63][65][66] This was in response to concerns over safety, low ridership due to high ticket prices,[67] and high energy usage. Elevated concrete prefab guideways that are above roads, water and other rail systems. The introduction of more non-stop service between large cities also helped to reduce travel time. Through five rounds of "Speed-Up" campaigns in April 1997, October 1998, October 2000, November 2001, and April 2004, passenger service on 7,700km (4,800mi) of existing tracks was upgraded to reach sub-high speeds of 160km/h (100mph).[26]. [63][64], In April 2011, the new Minister of Railways Sheng Guangzu said that due to corruption, safety may have been compromised on some construction projects and completion dates may have to be pushed back. Bloomberg. In 2007, travel time from Beijing to Shanghai was about 10 hours at a top speed of 200km/h (124mph) on the upgraded BeijingShanghai Railway. Those sections will carry a mix of passenger and freight. [94][95] A commission was formed to investigate the accident with a directive to report its findings in September 2011. Euro Carex (Europe Cargo Rail Express) is founded in April 2009 as an international non-profit association. [71] The CRH380A trainsets on the BeijingShanghai high-speed railway could reach a top operational speed of 380km/h (240mph) but were limited to 300km/h (186mph). [180] In December 2014, the Henan provincial government imposed a rule requiring municipal authorities pay 70% of the deficit incurred by Henan's intercity lines with the provincial authorities paying the remainder 30%. [37] The State Council turned to advanced technology abroad but made clear in directives that China's HSR expansion could not only benefit foreign economies and should also be used to develop its own high-speed train building capacity through technology transfers. Many users want proof that high-speed rail can be a profitable, efficient job generator to help raise the sagging U.S. economy when compared with other types of transportation. Intercity HSR service speeds range from 200350km/h (120220mph). In 2018, China Railway operated 3,970.5 pairs of passenger train service, of which 2,775 pairs were carried by EMU train sets. passenger dedicated lines (PDLs) with a design speed of 350km/h (217mph), regional lines connecting major cities with a design speed of 250km/h (155mph), and. The CRH's high-speed trains are called Harmony and Rejuvenation. [37] The State Council, MOR and state-owned train builders used China's large market and competition among foreign train-makers to force technology transfers of foreign high speed rail technology[citation needed]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1218788/china-profitability-of-high-sped-railway-by-route/, Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed, Immediate access to statistics, forecasts & reports, High-speed train lines under construction worldwide in key countries 2022, Value of the largest rail infrastructure projects in the world in 2022, Forecast: estimated value of investment in new transport infrastructure in China 2020, Share of electrified railroad routes in China 2021, Length of express railways in China 2008-2021, Length of newly built express railways in China 2014-2021, Share of high-speed rail network length among whole rail network in China 2014-2021, Length of express railways by leading provinces in China 2021, Number of high-speed trains in China 2013-2021, China's high-speed train growth rate 2014-2021, Number of Fuxing Hao high-speed trainsets in China 2013-2021, China: production of bullet trains by month 2020-2022, Cost distribution of China's Fuxing high-speed trainsets 2021, by component, Largest high-speed railway stations in China 2020, Revenue of the China State Railway Group (China Railway) 2017-2021, Number of China State Railway Group's high-speed trains 2017-2021, Operating revenue of CRRC Cor., Ltd. 2014-2021, Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway: revenue 2017-2021, Number of passengers on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail line 2016-2021, Share of holiday short distance intercity public transportation Taiwan 2020, by mode, Sales revenue of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2017-2020, by segment, Share of holiday medium distance intercity public transportation Taiwan 2020,by mode, Share of sales revenue of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2017-2020, by segment, Share of weekday long distance intercity public transportation Taiwan 2020, by mode, Share of weekday extra long distance public transportation in Taiwan 2020, by mode, Share of weekday medium distance intercity public transportation Taiwan 2020 by mode, Expenditures on pollution prevention of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2018-2023, Number of train services of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2013-2020, Net profit of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2014-2020, Monthly ridership of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2020, Share of short distance intercity public transport in weekday Taiwan 2020, by mode, Expenditures on environmental impact research of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2018-2021, Profit ratio of Taiwan High Speed Rail 2014-2020, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. Construction of the high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai, the world's first high-speed rail with a designed speed of 380km/h (236mph), began on April 18, 2008. Conservative scholars and officials are worried about the profitability of high-speed railway construction. [45] According to CSR president Zhang Chenghong, CSR "made the bold move of forming a systemic development platform for high-speed locomotives and further upgrading its design and manufacturing technology. Almost all HSR trains, tracks, and services are owned and operated by the China Railway Corporation under the brand China Railway High-speed (CRH) with two exceptions being the Shanghai Maglev Train, which is operated by the Shentong Metro Group, and GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong Express Rail Link (XRL), which is partially operated by the Hong Kong-based MTR Corporation. "[140], Experts expressed concern of the network's operational efficiency. Several sections of the national grid, especially along the southeast coastal corridor, were built to link cities that had no previous rail connections. [99] The speed of the remaining 350km/h (217mph) trains between Shanghai and Hangzhou was reduced to 300km/h (186mph) as of August 28, 2011. to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. "Michael Forsythe "Letter from China: Is China's Economy Speeding Off the Rails? By the mid-1990s, average train speed in China was about 60km/h (37mph). The Euro Carex is a truly European scale project that aims at using the existing high-speed . Alstom also won an order for 60 train sets based on the New Pendolino developed by Alstom-Ferroviaria in Italy. 'Harmony') is for designs which are imported from other nations and designated CRH-1 through CRH-5 and CRH380A(L), CRH380B(L), and CRH380C(L). In the same year, the Ministry of Science and the MOR agreed to a joint action plan for the indigenous innovation of high-speed trains in China. By 2010, the truck system as a whole is predominantly Chinese. Business Solutions including all features. The train operated in commercially on conventional rail lines in southwest China from 2007 to 2010. [30] [77][79][80][81][82] Several carriages derailed. The GuiyangGuangzhou high-speed railway and LanzhouXinjiang high-speed railway (where fares do not cover electricity costs) are both suffering from high maintenance cost due to harsh climate conditions and complicated terrain structure. Most of the components of the CRH trains manufactured by Chinese companies were from local suppliers, with only a few parts imported. Trains can operate at 200km/h (124mph) on many of the conventional main lines. [194], Two other Maglev lines, the Changsha Maglev and the Line S1 of Beijing, were designed for commercial operations with speeds lower than 120km/h (75mph). Under political and public pressure, the National Audit Office (NAO) carried out an extensive investigation into the building quality of all high-speed rail lines. According to a World Bank paper published last week, China's high-speed rail so far has cost between $17m and $21m per kilometre, even though it has a high ratio of big-ticket viaducts and tunnels. China Railway reports the number of passengers carried by high-speed EMU train sets and this figure is frequently reported as high-speed ridership, even though this figure includes passengers from EMU trains providing sub-high speed service.

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