In the West, John is depicted as a young beardless man. In fact, we scarcely have any information about them while they were still living, nor do we have reliable accounts from later times. John the Apostle[10] (Ancient Greek: ; Latin: Ioannes[11] c.6 AD c.100 AD; Ge'ez: ;) or Saint John the Beloved was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. See John the Apostle facts, such as information about his travels with Jesus. [39]:p.43 Most contemporary scholars consider that the Gospel was not written until the latter third of the first century AD, and with the earliest possible date of AD 7580: a date of AD 7580 as the earliest possible date of composition for this Gospel.[40] Other scholars think that an even later date, perhaps even the last decade of the first century AD right up to the start of the 2nd century (i.e. In Byzantine art he appears old, with a long white beard and hair. Pergamon Altar of Zeus Facts & Purpose | Where was the Altar of Zeus? [91], The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints teaches that John the Apostle is the same person as John the Evangelist, John of Patmos, and the Beloved Disciple. Required fields are marked *. So, far this seems to be accurate. It is safe to say they were all between the ages of 13 and 30 at the time they followed Jesus, John possibly the youngest and Peter perhaps one of the oldest since he was already married. Peter the Apostle in the Bible | Story, Facts & Death, Difference Between a Disciple & an Apostle. In the Byzantine world the evangelist is portrayed as old, with long white beard and hair, usually carrying his Gospel. What positional accuracy (ie, arc seconds) is necessary to view Saturn, Uranus, beyond? [55] However, most biblical scholars now contend that these were separate individuals since the text was written around 100 AD, after the death of John the Apostle,[36][56][57] although many historians have defended the identification of the Author of the Gospel of John with that of the Book of Revelation based on the similarity of the two texts. Apostles Peter, Andrew, James, and John The first group of four apostles was Jesus' inner group. [64] According to tradition, after the Assumption of Mary, John went to Ephesus. [76] The traditional liturgical color is white. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. While Luke states that this is the Passover. For example, in Luke 24:12, Peter alone runs to the tomb. The Catholic Church does not know with any exactitude the real timeline of the Apostle Peter. Read them in the archive below. Peter turned and saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following them, the one who also had leaned back against him during the supper and had said, Lord, who is it that is going to betray you? When Peter saw him, he said to Jesus, Lord, what about this man? (John 21:2021, ESV). He is believed to be the youngest of the apostles and the only apostle who died of old age rather than being martyred. The revelation of John could only be what is now called the Book of Revelation. As for how and when the Apostle St. Peter died, it is traditionally believed that he died between 64 and 67 AD and was crucified upside down at Rome. Dialog between Jesus and Peter in John 21: what's going on? Folder's list view has different sized fonts in different folders. John was 99 years old. [43][44][45], Regarding whether the author of the Gospel of John was an eyewitness, according to Paul N. Anderson, the gospel contains more direct claims to eyewitness origins than any of the other Gospel traditions.[46] F. F. Bruce argues that 19:35 contains an emphatic and explicit claim to eyewitness authority.[47] The gospel nowhere claims to have been written by direct witnesses to the reported events. However, it is speculated that John was approximately 90 years old when he died, near the year 100 AD. You might be interested: Readers ask: What Time Period Was Apostle Paul Born? John was the one disciple present at the foot of the cross during the crucifixion of Jesus, at which time Jesus instructed John to take Mary as his own mother, which he did. The epistle is traditionally held to have been composed by John the Evangelist, at Ephesus, when the writer was in advanced age. While some details of John's life are debated, it is generally agreed that John spent his last days in Ephesus after establishing a church there. Colin G. Kruse states that since John the Evangelist has been named consistently in the writings of early Church Fathers, it is hard to pass by this conclusion, despite widespread reluctance to accept it by many, but by no means all, modern scholars.[42], Modern, mainstream Bible scholars generally assert that the Gospel of John has been written by an anonymous author. [Jn 13:2325] After the arrest of Jesus, Peter and the "other disciple" (according to tradition, John) followed him into the palace of the high-priest. 1400s, John the Apostle and St Francis by El Greco, c. 1600-1614, Martyrdom of Saint John the Evangelist by Master of the Winkler Epitaph, St. John the Evangelist in meditation by Simone Cantarini (1612-1648), Bologna, Saint John and the Poisoned Cup by El Greco, c. 1610-1614. A teenager along with women would be less threatened being present at the crucifixion. His brother James was another of the Twelve Apostles. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you John (the Apostle) probably died several decades before John (the Elder). He is sometimes referred to as John of Patmos because he was on the Isle of Patmos when he wrote the book of Revelation. He was the brother of James, one of the twelve disciples whom Jesus chose. They have a master's degree in religious studies from Western Kentucky University and a bachelor's degree in English literature and religious studies from Western Kentucky University. The traditions of most Christian denominations have held that John the Apostle is the author of several books of the New Testament. Saint Peter Lesson for Kids: Biography & Facts. [68][69] Most Johannine scholars doubt the reliability of its ascription to Papias, but a minority, including B.W. John, the beloved disciple (elder son of Zebedee, brother of James, both James and John we also called Sons of Thunder or Boanerges), died of extreme old age in Ephesus. [91], As he was traditionally identified with the beloved apostle, the evangelist, and the author of the Revelation and several Epistles, John played an extremely prominent role in art from the early Christian period onward. He continued to work to spread the gospel for many years after Jesus's death. Some of this does seem to correlate with a detail found in Paul's final letters to Timothy. St. James, also called James, son of Zebedee, or James the Greater, (born, Galilee, Palestinedied 44 ce, Jerusalem; feast day July 25), one of the Twelve Apostles, distinguished as being in Jesus ' innermost circle and the only apostle whose martyrdom is recorded in the New Testament (Acts 12:2). This was 60 years after Jesus. [19][20] Also according to some traditions, Salome was the sister of Mary, Jesus' mother,[20][21] making Salome Jesus' aunt, and her sons John the Apostle and James were Jesus' cousins. Here is another article also by David: Samson Bible Story Summary and Study, Resource Scripture quotations are from The Holy Bible, King James Version, Tagged as: They became His followers shortly after the beginning of His ministry. That makes St. Peter between 63 and 66 years old when he died. John was considered one of Jesus's closest three disciples as he, James, and Peter were the only three present for several significant events. St. Thomas, (born, probably Galileedied 53 ce, Madras, India; Western feast day December 21, feast day in Roman and Syrian Catholic churches July 3, in the Greek church October 6), one of the Twelve Apostles. Yet he emerged unharmed from the experience. John was thought to have opposed granting Gentiles membership in the church, but evidence is unclear in this regard. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Judas (also called Iscariot), after betraying his Lord, hanged himself. The History of the Church by Eusibius. At various times, John's ministry and message was under severe attack. Author of. John was known as an apostle, author, and the only apostle who was not killed by martyrdom, though not from lack of trying. Updates? Pharisees & Sadducees: Beliefs, Meaning & Encounters with Jesus in the Bible. 28:67; D&C 7)". He died as an old man sometime after AD 98, the only apostle to die peacefully. Often asked: Which Apostle Crete New Testament? Early Church tradition tells us that St. John was the last Apostle to die, perhaps around A.D. 95 or so. Though not directly stated, we know that John was called the beloved disciple, or the disciple whom Jesus loved (John 21:20-24). It only takes a minute to sign up. His story extends many years past the earthly ministry of Christ. 2005. With St. Peter, they formed a nucleus of intimate disciples. By first-century standards, he lived a rather long life. This event has been called the Dispersion of the Apostles. This was important because Polycarp was able to carry John's message to future generations. How old was John the apostle when Jesus died? Paul took the Word of God from the Israelites to the Gentiles so that they could fulfill the divine will. He founded several churches in Asia Minor and is believed to have eventually returned to Ephesus, where he died. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 [82] There is also a commemoration of the synaxis of the Apostle John at Diaconissa on 15 February. [67] John's traditional tomb is thought to be located in the former basilica of Saint John at Seluk, a small town in the vicinity of Ephesus. However, some Muslim scholars mentioned their names,[85] likely relying on the resources of Christians, who are considered "People of the Book" in Islamic tradition. We can surmise that to John, the message was what mattered, not who got the credit. How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? How old was the Apostle John when Jesus was crucified? It is safe to say they were all between the ages of 13 and 30 at the time they followed Jesus, John possibly the youngest and Peter perhaps one of the oldest since he was already married. [Lk 9:51-6] John lived on for another generation after the martyrdom of James, who was the first Apostle to die a martyr's death. He is said to have lived to old age, dying at Ephesus sometime after AD 98, during the reign of Trajan. Some even claim he died in 55 AD. 11 chapters | The epistles content, language and conceptual style are very similar to the Gospel of John, 2 John, and 3 John. The work was condemned as a gnostic heresy in 787 ce. [86] Notably, narrations of People of the Book (Christians and Jews) are not to be believed or disbelieved by Muslims as long as there is nothing that supports or denies them in Quran or Sunnah. Read about his death and long-term influence. Bacon, Martin Hengel and Henry Barclay Swete, maintain that these references to Papias are credible. We dont know the exact time or order of the books having been written, but here are some possible dates: Of course we know God inspired the Bible and that it was written with His leading, but this may explain why the book of John seems so applicable to the readers of today. The book itself says it was written by the apostle John. In the realm of popular media, this latter phenomenon was brought to notice in Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code (2003), where one of the book's characters suggests that the feminine-looking person to Jesus' right in Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper is actually Mary Magdalene rather than St. John. John is considered to have been exiled to Patmos, during the persecutions under Emperor Domitian. Three of the islands in the Sporades were places where political offenders were banished. [92] He is traditionally depicted in one of two distinct ways: either as an aged man with a white or gray beard, or alternatively as a beardless youth. Does the order of validations and MAC with clear text matter? John the Apostle (6 AD- 100AD) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. How old was Virgin Mary when she had Jesus? The period of early Christianity during the lifetimes of the apostles is called the Apostolic Age. The book itself says it was written by the apostle John. The Apostle John is the only one of the twelve who was not martyred and who stood at the foot of the cross with Jesus's mother during the crucifixion. So 95 years old at death. John was a witness to the Transfiguration of Jesus in the presence of God, Moses, and Elijah, and John and Peter were tasked with finding a place for what would ultimately become the Last Supper. It was customary to recline on couches at meals, and this disciple leaned on Jesus. Irenaeus writes of "the church of Ephesus, founded by Paul, with John continuing with them until the times of Trajan. The legends that contributed most to medieval iconography are mainly derived from the apocryphal Acts of John. King Herod: Biography & Bible | Who Was Herod? How old was John when he wrote the Book of Revelation? John probably knew of the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, but these gospels spoke of Jesus primarily in the year following the imprisonment and death of John the Baptist. So fervent were the brothers, that Jesus named them the "Sons of Thunder" for the impact they made. [50][51][52][53] As The New Oxford Annotated Bible (2018) has put it, "Scholars generally agree that the Gospels were written forty to sixty years after the death of Jesus. Copyright 2010-2023 Telling Ministries LLC. His story extends many years past the earthly ministry of Christ. [80] On 8 May they celebrate the "Feast of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian", on which date Christians used to draw forth from his grave fine ashes which were believed to be effective for healing the sick. [81] John is also commemorated on 30 June as a member of the twelve apostles. Stacy has over five years of experience teaching and managing. Evangelicals please explain John 19:2627. Jesus replied that if John lived until Christs return, that was not Peters concern. Saint Joseph Edition of the New American Bible: Translated from the Original Languages with Critical Use of All the Ancient Sources: including the Revised New Testament and the Revised Psalms. However, most modern critical scholars have their doubts. John was 99 years old. St. John the Baptist, (born 1st decade bce, Judaea, Palestine, near Jerusalemdied 28-36 ce; feast day June 24), Jewish prophet of priestly origin who preached the imminence of God's Final Judgment and baptized those who repented in self-preparation for it; he is revered in the Christian church as the forerunner of Jesus Christ. John the Apostle (One of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus) John the Apostle was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, alongside his brother James, according to the New Testament. God loves each of us as if there were only one of us"- Augustine. Can I use the spell Immovable Object to create a castle which floats above the clouds? But the apocryphal Acts that tell their stories are indeed highly apocryphal. John was 99 years old. Historical documents are not more sure of anything more exact. Generally listed as the youngest apostle, he was the son of Zebedee and Salome. The Elder was not one of the Twelve. (Acts 15:14; 2 Peter 1:1). Next post: You Shall Have No Other Gods Before Me: Lesson and Life Application. How Should They Spend Retirement? Your email address will not be published. John was working as a fisherman but left his fish and boats to follow Jesus as a disciple. If we had a video livestream of a clock being sent to Mars, what would we see? [90] John, along with the Three Nephites, will live to see the Second Coming of Christ as translated beings. The brothers at one point even argued over who could sit at the right hand of the throne once they were all in Heaven together. John is believed to have taken Mary as his own mother and that he cared for her until her Assumption. Also known as: Saint John the Divine, Saint John the Evangelist, Regius Professor Emeritus of Divinity, University of Cambridge; Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 198793. It is safe to say they were all between the ages of 13 and 30 at the time they followed Jesus, John possibly the youngest and Peter perhaps one of the oldest since he was already married. What we have are legends, about some of the apostles chiefly Peter, Paul, Thomas, Andrew, and John. Nor do we have reliable accounts from later times. How do the church fathers reconcile the accounts of Jesus calling Peter and Andrew to be apostles? While some confusion exists related to the terms "disciple" and "apostle," in this instance the term "disciple" is used to identify John as a student of Jesus. For men who were not athletes, you would expect an 18 year old to outrun a 30 year old. @KadalikattJosephSibichan John could have simply outran Peter because he was younger! He was the son of Jona (Johannes) and was born in Bethsaida (John 1:42, 44), a town on Lake Genesareth, the position of which cannot be established with certainty, although it is usually sought at the northern end of the lake. Mark, Matthew and Luke do not mention any one of the twelve disciples having witnessed the crucifixion. He is also known as John the Evangelist, the Beloved Disciple, John of Patmos, John the Elder, and John the . Philip the Apostle Biography & Death | Who is Philip in the Bible? Book of Deuteronomy | Who Wrote Deuteronomy? [92] Other common attributes include a book or scroll, in reference to the writings traditionally attributed to him, and an eagle,[94] which is argued to symbolize the high-soaring, inspirational quality of these writings. Whether the disciple whom Jesus loved (who is never named) mentioned in this Gospel is to be identified with John (also not named) is not clear from the text. He has started several deaf ministries in various countries and established a deaf church in Mexico. It contains strong docetic themes, but is not considered in modern scholarship to be Gnostic. Jesus then called Peter, Andrew and the two sons of Zebedee to follow him. John played a predominant role in the early Christian Church, and the book of Acts in the New Testament describes his work as an apostle. We know that John lived until about AD 96 or 97, which is about 66 years after Jesus died. Tribe of Asher History, Identity & Context | Who was Asher in the Bible? When everyone else were bickering about their official in the coming Kingdom of God, he found himself in Jesus bosom. Book, a serpent in a chalice, cauldron, eagle. John, James, and a third disciple, Peter, were the only three present with Jesus when Jesus raised Jairus's daughter from the dead, when the Transfiguration of Jesus occurred, and in the Garden of Gethsemane the night before Jesus was crucified. Pages 922, 955. Jesus answers, "If I want him to remain until I come, what is that to you? Followers of the gospel of Jesus and disciples of John, termed the Johannites, carried on the legacy of John the Apostle after his death. Question: According To The Bible How Did The Apostle John Die? What did Jesus do between the age of 12 and 30? Historical documents are not more sure of anything more exact. "[62], There is no information in the Bible concerning the duration of John's activity in Judea. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. All Rights Reserved. John also kept his promise to Jesus, caring for the Virgin Mary until her Assumption. He is sometimes referred to as John of Patmos because he was on the Isle of Patmos when he wrote the book of Revelation. The authorship of some Johannine literature has been debated since about the year 200.[32][33]. [12][14][15] Regardless of whether or not John the Apostle wrote any of the Johannine works, most scholars agree that all three epistles were written by the same author and that the epistles did not have the same author as the Book of Revelation, although there is widespread disagreement among scholars as to whether the author of the epistles was different from that of the gospel. If in fact, St. Peter was born in the year 1 AD that would make St. Peter 29 years old if we hold the Crucifixion as being done in the year 30 AD. One eventually achieved official recognition, becoming a shrine in the 4th century. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. Browse other questions tagged, Like any library, Christianity Stack Exchange offers great information, but, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. While hanging on the cross, Jesus commanded the Apostle John to take Mary as his own mother and Mary to take John as her son. Copy the n-largest files from a certain directory to the current one, Can corresponding author withdraw a paper after it has accepted without permission/acceptance of first author. and he was also thrown into prison with Peter. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Jesus allowed them to be the only apostles present at three particular occasions during his public ministry, the Raising of Jairus' daughter[Mark 5:37], Transfiguration of Jesus [Matthew 17:1] and Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane[Matthew 26:37]. [94] One of John's familiar attributes is the chalice, often with a serpent emerging from it. Judas (also called Iscariot), after betraying his Lord, hanged himself. David now works as Director of Deaf Ministries for his mission board. The Church Fathers identify him as John the Evangelist, John of Patmos, John the Elder, and the Beloved Disciple, and testify that he outlived the remaining apostles and was the only one to die of natural causes, although modern scholars are divided on the veracity of these claims. At the meal itself, the "disciple whom Jesus loved" sat next to Jesus. Omissions? (John 19:2627, ESV). He is also given credit for writing the fourth biblical narrative of the Gospel and possibly the Revelation to John; however, there has been considerable discussion of the actual identity of the writers of these works. They were also the inner circle of prayer warriors in the Garden of Gethsemane (Matthew 26:37). Christian tradition suggests that Jesus simply lived in Galilee during that period. John the Apostle John the Apostle is known for being the fisherman son of Zebedee and, along with his brother James, one of the first of Jesus's disciples. In the original form of the apocryphal Acts of John (second half of the 2nd century) the apostle dies, but in later traditions he is assumed to have ascended to heaven like Enoch and Elijah. What is the Catholic interpretation of John 19:26-27? Paul was born in the Greek city of Tarsus likely around AD 6, and he probably died sometime around AD 64, which means he would have been nearing age 60. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-John-the-Apostle, Eternal Word Television Network - Biography of Saint John the Apostle. In the original apocryphal Acts of John, the apostle dies; however, later traditions assume that he ascended to heaven. "Authors, Books, and Readers in the Ancient World", "De Viris Illustribus (On Illustrious Men) Chapter 9 & 18", "Repose of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian", "Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian", "Synaxis of the Holy, Glorious and All-Praised Twelve Apostles", "The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: Telling the Christian Story", Eastern Orthodox icon and Synaxarion of Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist (May 8), Repose of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_the_Apostle&oldid=1152634727, Articles containing Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Book, a serpent in a chalice, cauldron, eagle. The term is sometimes also applied to others, especially Paul, who was converted to Christianity a few years after Jesus' death. King Saul of Israel: History & Timeline | Who Was the First King of Israel? Another popular tradition, known to St. Augustine, declared that the earth over Johns grave heaved as if the apostle were still breathing. Will More People Go To Hell Than Go To Heaven? At this time also, the church of Ephesus claimed to possess the autograph of the Fourth Gospel. We get the vast majority of our information about John from the pages of the four gospels. It was widely circulated by the second century CE but deemed heretical at the Second Council of Nicaea (787 CE). He is the patron saint of Scotland and of Russia. His mother was Biblical figure His mother died at the age of 48 (John was 56 years old). Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Mary Magdalenes life after the Gospel accounts. At the end of the 2nd century, Polycrates, bishop of Ephesus, claims that Johns tomb is at Ephesus, identifies him with the beloved disciple, and adds that he was a priest, wearing the sacerdotal plate, both martyr and teacher. That John died in Ephesus is also stated by St. Irenaeus, bishop of Lyon circa 180 ce, who says John wrote his Gospel and letters at Ephesus and Revelation at Ptmos. Print. Readers ask: What Happened To Paul The Apostle? [Acts 4:3] He went with Peter to visit the newly converted believers in Samaria. John and his brother, together with St. Peter, formed an inner nucleus of intimate disciples. According to Catholic tradition St. Peter was the oldest person amongst the Apostles; while St. John was the youngest apostle. [41], Nonetheless, today many theological scholars continue to accept the traditional authorship. This event would have occurred in the late 1st century, during the reign of the Emperor Domitian, who was known for his persecution of Christians. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [58], John the Presbyter, an obscure figure in the early church, has also been identified with the seer of the Book of Revelation by such authors as Eusebius in his Church History (Book III, 39)[57] and Jerome.[59]. 386. Corrections? James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson, Brown, Raymond E. 1970. Iconographically, the young beardless type is early (as in a 4th-century sarcophagus from Rome), and this type came to be preferred (though not exclusively) in the medieval West. [92] This symbol is interpreted as a reference to a legend from the Acts of John,[96] in which John was challenged to drink a cup of poison to demonstrate the power of his faith (the poison being symbolized by the serpent). Debate exists about whether John the Apostle or the Johannite community wrote the epistles of John and the Book of Revelation. Some believe that Salome was the sister of the Virgin Mary, though this is not explicitly stated in the New Testament. New York: Catholic Book Pub., 1992. Other than the statement that after he was 12 years old (Luke 2:42) Jesus advanced in wisdom and stature, and in favour with God and men (Luke 2:52), the New Testament has no other details regarding the gap. Bible Study, Based on the language in John chapter 1 it is believed that John was probably the unnamed disciple of John the Baptist. - St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles. Following the instruction of Jesus from the Cross, the beloved disciple took Mary, the mother of Jesus, into his care as the last legacy of Jesus. Carolyn S. Jerousek, "Christ and St. John the Evangelist as a Model of Medieval Mysticism,", Carolyn S. Jerousek, "Christ and St. John the Evangelist as a Model of Medieval Mysticism", This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 12:08. Until the 19th century, the authorship of the Gospel of John had been attributed to the Apostle John. The two brothers, James and John, were called the sons of thunder by Christ. "St. John the Evangelist." His symbol as an evangelist is an eagle. Again in the Gospel's last chapter, it states that the very book itself is based on the written testimony of the disciple whom Jesus loved. Book three, point 24. Create your account. The bishops of Asia Minor supposedly requested him to write his gospel to deal with the heresy of the Ebionites, who asserted that Christ did not exist before Mary. The disciple whom Jesus loved is referred to, specifically, six times in the Gospel of John: None of the other Gospels has anyone in the parallel scenes that could be directly understood as the Beloved Disciple. This tradition is credible because banishment was a common punishment used during the Imperial period for a number of offenses. Answer Timothy's death is not recorded in the Bible. Born | c. 6 AD, Galilee, in the Holy Land [1] ! Varying fragments survived in Greek and Latin within monastic libraries. The theologian Tertullian reported that John was plunged into boiling oil but miraculously escaped unscathed. The Apostle John was born in and grew up in Galilee, and was the son of a fisherman named Zebedee and his wife, Salome. Generally listed as the youngest apostle, he was the son of Zebedee and Salome. The Johannine community was a network of John's disciples in Asia Minor who continued the legacy of John, even after his death. During the 7th century this scene was portrayed in the Lateran basilica and located in Rome by the Latin Gate, and the miracle is still celebrated in some traditions.

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