94-99. In contrast, poor or lowincome families are reluctant to vote as they suffer from accessing basic services, proper education and health care. Moreover, after the Arab revolutions in late 2010 and early 2011, and Jordanian peaceful demonstrations and protests, the political leadership allowed more constitutional and legal amendments, which strengthened the political participation of all segments of people including Jordanian young people, particularly women (Mohammad, 2017, p. 2). [1] Following the 2008 election, RTV lobbied the Obama administration to institute fully automated online voter registration nationally. Webare political factors which lead to marginalize students participating in the political sphere. Direct mail appeals by single-issue groups for contributions aimed especially at more affluent Americans are targeted methods of mobilizing people. 54 No. The reasons of that choice are represented in: Samer (2017), Atiyat (2017), Dababneh (2012), Nahar (2012), Nahar and Humaidan (2013), Tillian (2011) emphasizis that these factors were the most important social and economic factors affecting political participation. The reasons of the low voting ratio of female students in Jordan was due to the fact that they didn't see a tangible role for elected councils within society in addition, tribal, social economic constraints as they didn't feel equal to males in education and employment. In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? it was noted that the number of the students in the age group (18 less than 23) was a total of (654) included (427) participated in the voting with (65.3 per cent) in the same category. The original and the edited tape tell two different stories of the same event. Generally, about 15 percent of Americans participate in these types of campaign activities in an election year (Verba, Schlozman, & Brady, 1995). This means that the engagement of the individual at the different levels of the political system is a must. Students interning for public officials soon learn that answering constituent mail is one of the most time-consuming staff jobs. Economic modernization affects political participation through socio-economic status. Significant steps have been taken to make registration easier. Some are directly associated with the electoral sub-system and some are with other political activities. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode. People have many options for engaging in politics. Tillian, O. Symbolic acts are not always supportive of the political system. Moreover, they are still reluctant to vote in national and local elections. The most important political activities may be those carried out by parties or citizens between elections to influence government decisions about specific problems that concern them. In such activities they join hands with other people of the society to influence the actions of the government. A positive side effect of fundraising campaigns is that people are made aware of candidates and issues through appeals for money (Jacobson, 1997). In addition to strengthening the participation of young people, especially university students participating in voting and community participation (Jordanian constitution, articles 6, 16, 17, 18, and the election law No. Kang, A. Three factors seem to affect political participation among Native Americans a history of violent conflict and deep distrust of federal, state, and local actors ( Peterson 1997 ), a widely dispersed population ( Herrick and Mendez 2019 ), and few federal, state, or local officials representing tribal interests ( Schroedel and Aslanian 2017 ). Specifically, it sought how culture, trust in governance institutions and civic education affect youth participation in political governance in Blantyre, Malawi. The results showed the following: First: The more the gender varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of male students as there was a gender gap between the voting of male and female students in the national and local elections. Some regions have an established culture of political participation. Every citizen gets one vote that counts equally. 1, pp. Childs, S. (2004), A British Gender Gap? People also can take part in support activities, more passive forms of political involvement. Men vote more than females (Childs, 2004, p. 422). The reasons for the low voting ratio of less than 500 dinars category in Jordan was due to the fact that they saw the candidates inefficiency. Closing voting rosters weeks or months in advance of elections effectively disenfranchised voters. Still, many people do not vote regularly. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. 213-221. This ratio of the female students is less than that of male students. Considered one of the most impactful expressions of patriotism, voting is the primary means of participating in politics. Congressional Management Foundation, Communicating with Congress: How the Internet Has Changed Citizen Engagement (Washington, DC: Congressional Management Foundation, 2008). Faced with violence, voters are generally pushed away from electoral politics. Atkeson (2003) indicated that the greater the involvement of women in the public sector, the more barriers of their political participation are broken. 107-123. The survey on students of the three Jordanian universities (Al-Al Bayt University, Jordanian University, and Mu'tah University) was conducted to explore the impact of gender, age, family income, and regional affiliation on the students voting. Al-Mohammad, S.M. Huntington and Nelson (1976) have argued that voluntary (autonomous) and manipulated (mobilized) participation are not clearly distinguished categories. (1995) noted that inequality in the distribution of incomes affects, political participation, such inequality makes the poor reluctant to vote in elections. Leadership operates globally with explicit power to influence people in the dynamic context of society, including state politics, church relationships, and social events. Flanigan, W. H. and Nancy H. Zingale, Political Behavior of the American Electorate, 9th ed. Dolan, K. (2011), Do women and men know different things? Individuals acquire political beliefs due to cultural factors, including their demographic characteristics and their experiences with family, friends, school, religion, and the media. Some people believe that individuals who have committed a serious crime should be deprived of the privileges enjoyed by law-abiding people. 299-310. Political environment 4. 3, pp. Fox, R.L. The United States is one of the few democracies that requires citizens to register themselves rather than having the government take responsibility for automatically registering them. Based on the above. 6-18. Moreover, university students are reluctant to vote in elections, because of their feeling of alienation within the society, especially young female students. No other political activity allows the opinions of more people to be represented than voting. Thus, there was a difference in the ratio of voting of the Jordanian public universities students in the national and local elections according to the regional affiliation. http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=1344797n. Moreover, the law determines a quota of 15 seats for women in Parliament (Article 8). It included respecting of human rights, popular participating in political life, etc. Introduction Political participation is the core component in democratic politics and is the essential requirement in the construction of socialism political civilization (W. Gao, 2008). It says that blue collared workers are more likely to be affiliated with the Democratic party, and it says that the Southern region is more Republican. If so, you are taking part in civil society, the community of individuals who volunteer and work cooperatively outside of formal governmental institutions (Eberly, 1998). In spite of the dissemination of civil society institutions after 1989, awareness of civil culture and political participation was still poor (Tillian, 2011, pp.1-2). Therefore, this study examines the factors affecting the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections, focusing on some social and economic factors and examining the reasons for voting or not voting, which relates to the performance of the elected councils and the effectiveness of their members. The study population contained three Jordanian universities. This practice excludes almost 4 million people from the voting rolls (Human Rights Watch and the Sentencing Project, 2000). High socio-economic status is conducive for an increase in the overall amount of political participation. (1997) attributed that to the lack of political interest of the females. The voting ratio of female students was lower than that of males. The reason for the low voting ratio of the Palestinians in Jordan was due to the fact that they saw the candidates inefficiency. They suffer from bad social and economic conditions because most of the wealth and resources are concentrated in the hands of businessmen. In the same context, Pyeatt and Yanus (2018) asserted that the difference in regional affiliation affected the political orientations of individuals. 1, pp. Content Filtrations 6. In addition, the questionnaire included two section, the first is related to the four factors: Gender (malefemale), Age (8-22years old - 23-30years old), Family Income (less than 500 dinar- 500 less than 700 dinar more than 700 dinar), and regional affiliation (Jordanian Origin - Palestinian Origin). Solt (2008) and Brady et al. Social environment includes elements like education, occupation, income, age sex, race, caste, ethnicity, mobility and habitation. It was made clear to the participants that their participation was voluntary, that their decision to take part in the study would not affect their routine care and that they were free to withdraw from the study at any point during the process. Dalam artikel ini, akan dibahas faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi politik. Thus, there was a gender gap between Jordanian university male and female universities students' voting in national and local elections. Moreover, women believe that they do not have the ability to make political change, and their participating would make no change in the society. Some Palestinians have lived in Jordan since 1947 and 1967, they were granted the Jordanian nationality and the right to vote in the elections. Extensive e-mail listservs keep protestors and sympathizers in contact between demonstrations. New media provide novel opportunities for political participation, such as using Facebook to campaign for a candidate and Twitter to keep people abreast of a protest movement. The party inspires in its members a feeling of belongingness. (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1999). 185-199. Property damage was in the millions of dollars. Students advertised campus election events on social media sites, such as candidate rallies and voter registration drives, which drew large crowds. A formal or informal association of people seeking to influence governmental policy in favor of their interests; interest groups may represent social causes, economic Community activism is thriving among young people who realize the importance of service that directly assists others. 48 No. Rakka twin peaks and voter registration CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Soon after the verdict was announced, riots broke out. The ratio of participation varied among different age groups, such as young, adults and older people. A unique and special political act, voting allows for the views of more people to be represented than any other activity. The study concluded that the gender, age, family income and regional affiliation factors affect the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections.

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