"Scythia Minor". The number of Romani people is usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 511% of Romania's population.[22]. [124] "Vlachia", "Great Vlachia", and the other variants began to fall out of use for Thessaly at the turn of the 14th century, and with the emergence of the Principality of Wallachia north of the Danube in the 14th century, from the 15th century the name was reserved for it. English translation: The Fihrist of al-Nadim. This article discusses the period from the founding of the city and the regal period, which began in 753 bc, through the events leading to the founding of the republic in 509 bc, the establishment of the empire in 27 bc, and the final eclipse of the Empire of the West in the 5th century ad. Just a slight majority, 56.4 percent, lives in urban areas (12,546,212 people in total). [77], The first written record about a Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages in the Balkans, near the Haemus Mons is from 587 AD. [126], Up until 1541, Transylvania was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, later (due to the conquest of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire) was a self-governed Principality governed by the Hungarian nobility. 341836. At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. In the history of aviation, Traian Vuia and Aurel Vlaicu built and tested some of the earliest aircraft designs, while Henri Coand discovered the Coand effect of fluidics. On the other hand, the Aromanians and the Megleno-Romanians are Romance peoples who live south of the Danube, mainly in Greece, Albania, North Macedonia and Bulgaria although some of them migrated to Romania in the 20th century. Pe un antier din Bucureti, lucreaz zeci de vietnamezi", "Nepalezii, soluia de criz a angajatorilor din Romnia. Maybe I'm crossing a line here, but judging from her father's facial phenotype, he's very likely of Roma origins. Kamusella continues by stating that they preferred this ethnonym in order to stress their presumed link with Ancient Rome and that it became more popular as a nationalistic form of referring to all Romanian-language speakers as a distinct and separate nation during the 1820s. [136] One example is Tranquillo Andronico's 1534 writing that states that the Vlachs "now call themselves Romans". Another biologist, Emil Palade, received the Nobel Prize for his contributions to cell biology. In the de facto independent (but internationally unrecognised) region of Transnistria, the official script used to write Moldovan is Cyrillic. Historian Gheorghe I. Brtianu considers that these words "represent an expression from the Romanian language, as it was formed at that time in the Balkan and Danube regions"; "they probably belong to one and the most significant of the substrates on which our (Romanian) language was built".[78]. Contact: Sarah Eley. [168][169] Subclades I1 and I2 can be found in most present-day European populations, with peaks in some Northern European and Southeastern European countries. The folk costumes of the country are a feast to eyes as they exhibit elaborate embroidery and beadwork. Three theories account for the ethnogenesis of the Romanian people. Early rulers from the Asen dynasty (particularly Kaloyan) referred to themselves as "Emperors of Bulgarians and Vlachs". Romanians have played and contributed a major role in the advancement of the arts, culture, sciences, technology and engineering. (meaning "Return, return, brother!"). [23] Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. John Kinnamos, Epitoma, in Fontes Historiae Daco-Romanae, vol. Mircea Eliade, writer and historian of religions, Sergiu Celibidache, honored conductor and music teacher. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [173][174] Haplogroup R1a among Romanians is entirely from the Eastern European variety Z282 and may be a result of Baltic, Thracian or Slavic descent. The largest nationality in the republic, ethnic Romanians, numbered 2,795,000 persons, accounting for 64.5 percent of the population. Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania, Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania, https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population/RO, "Infant mortality rate - the World Factbook", "COMUNICAT DE PRES: 2 februarie 2012 privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor", "Refugees fleeing Ukraine (since 24 February 2022)", "Populaia Romniei, creterea alarmant: Suntem la nivelul Germaniei. Stanescu, Eugen. [103], The Byzantine chronicler Niketas Choniates writes that in 1164, Andronikos I Komnenos, the emperor Manuel I Komnenos's cousin, tried without success, to usurp the throne. [98] [99][100] Accordingly, historians have located this homeland in several places, including Pannonia Inferior (Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu) and Dacia Aureliana (Mtys Gyni). Almost 90% of all Romanians consider themselves religious. [175] [176] Other studies analyzing the haplogroup frequency among Romanians came to similar results. Human Y-chromosomal variation in European populations (PhD Thesis). [129] During the modern era, most neologisms were borrowed from French and Italian, though the language has increasingly begun to adopt English borrowings. ISBN 0-19-504652-8. During the late Middle Ages, prominent medieval Romanian monarchs such as Bogdan of Moldavia, Stephen the Great, Mircea the Elder, Michael the Brave, or Vlad the Impaler took part actively in the history of Central Europe by waging tumultuous wars and leading noteworthy crusades against the then continuously expanding Ottoman Empire, at times allied with either the Kingdom of Poland or the Kingdom of Hungary in these causes. As a consequence of the pro-natalist policies of the Nicolae Ceauescu regime (see Decree 770), Romania has a higher proportion of people born in the late 1960s and 1970s its population than any other Western country except Slovenia. 131,788 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, including many, 92,746 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 46,523 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 39,654 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 34,960 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 32,294 born in Romania, of all ethnic groups, 31,065 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 29,186 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 24,376 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 21,593 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 18,877 migrants of Romania, of all ethnic groups, 14,684 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 14,411 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 5,209 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 4,941 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 4,902 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 1,463 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, 200,000 migrants from Romania and Romanian citizens, of all ethnic groups, 10,000 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 20,998 first and second generation migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups. [72] According to the Laterculus Veronensis of c.314 and the Notitia Dignitatum of c.400, Scythia belonged to the Diocese of Thrace. total population: 75.6 years (2018 est.) Wallachia, the Southern region of Romania, takes its name from the same source. [74], During the Middle Ages Romanians were mostly known as Vlachs, a blanket term ultimately of Germanic origin, from the word Walha, used by ancient Germanic peoples to refer to Romance-speaking and Celtic neighbours. Smaller percentages are Protestant, Jews, Muslims, agnostic, atheist, or practice a traditional religion. Topul rilor UE n care romnii reprezint cea mai mare comunitate", "Bosnia i Heregovina Comunitatea romneasc", "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported, 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates", "U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey", Romanian Communities Allocation in United States: Study of Romanian-American population (2002), "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables", "200.000 de romni triesc "visul brazilian", "AMERICA LATIN DRP Departamentul pentru Romanii de Pretutindeni", "The Week of the Romanian Diaspora in Argentina The immigration of the Romanians to Argentina", "Ci romni au prsit Romnia pentru a tri n strintate", "Romania - International emigrant stock 2019", "Ethnic composition, religion and language skills in the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Socio-economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Recensmnt 2022. Romania is a country in southeastern Europe bordering Ukraine, Bulgaria, Moldova, Hungary and Serbia. Cambridge University Press. The basic vocabulary is of Latin origin,[128] although there are some substratum words that are sometimes assumed to be of Dacian origin. After the end of the war, the Romanian Kingdom managed to regain territories lost westward but was nonetheless not given Bessarabia and northern Bukovina back, the aforementioned regions being forcefully incorporated into the Soviet Union (USSR). [159], Romano-Gothic Densu Church, Hunedoara, Transylvania, Romano-Gothic Strei Church, Hunedoara, Transylvania, St. Nicholas Church, Braov, Transylvania, Nativity of St. John the Baptist Church, Piatra Neam, Moldavia. Also, this number does not include ethnic-Romanians who no longer speak the Romanian language. Cei mai muli lucreaz n industria alimentar", "Europe:: Romania the World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", "Comunicat de pres privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor 2011", "Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995. 671,9851,079,726 (2021) Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups. In 1916, Romania joined the war on the side of the Triple Entente. For Romanians: -the ones with predominant Dacian-Roman ancestry (dark hair, dark eyes, convex Roman nose, square jaw, women with wide hips, high cheekbones) For some ethnic minorities in Romania . Pop, Ioan-Aurel (1999),p. 44. v.1: "Mysl.1987. Romnia are 19.053.815 locuitori. (. Which makes the United States home to the largest Romanian community outside Romania. That year, the governor of Servia, Nikulitsa received the position of leader (archon) of the Vlachs from Hellas from Emperor Basil II. Roman people. Romania is not Western. [134], Several historical sources show the use of the term "Romanian" among the medieval or early modern Romanian population. III, Bucharest, 1975, VI, pp 3. Or maybe descended from a Daco-Roman population. For later events of the Empire of the East, see . M. N. Guboglo, V. A. Dergachev; Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology. Two-thirds of the ethnic German population either left or were deported after World War II, a period that was followed by decades of relatively regular (by communist standards) migration. As a result, at the end of the war, Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina were awarded to Romania, through a series of international peace treaties, resulting in an enlarged and far more powerful kingdom under King Ferdinand I. International Statistics", "VOLUMUL II: POPULAIA STABIL (REZIDENT) STRUCTURA ETNIC I CONFESIONAL", "Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Romania&oldid=1150440151. [65] It was reorganized as Dacia Ripensis (as a military province, devastated by an Avars invasion in 586) [66] and Dacia Mediterranea (as a civil province, devastated by an Avar invasion in 602). Between Prespa and Kastoria, they met and fought with a Bulgarian rebel named David. During the interwar period, two additional monarchs came to the Romanian throne, namely Carol II and Michael I. Nicolae Ceauescu became the head of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) in 1965 and his severe rule of the 1980s was ended by the Romanian Revolution of 1989. [37], The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. V. Klyuchevsky, The course of the Russian history. The country was under communist rule from 1948 until 1989, when the regime of Romanian leader Nicolae Ceauescu was overthrown. Five years later, Bsescu (solely supported by the PDL this time) was narrowly re-elected for a second term in the 2009 presidential elections. [162][165] This theory is a compromise between the immigrationist and the continuity theories. In 2004, Traian Bsescu, the PNL-PD candidate of the Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), was elected president. (1971) - In: Revue des tudes sud-est europennes vol. [44], Population by ethnicity based on age groups, according to the 2011 census:[45], Foreign-born population (according to Eurostat):[46]. Ilfov County has the highest crude birth rate (12.0), while Vlcea County has the lowest crude birth rate (6.6). For example, the 'broad Asian group' or the 'specific Pakistani group'. According to the 2011 Romanian census, they number 621,573 people or 3.08% of the total population, being the second-largest ethnic minority in Romania after Hungarians,[21] with significant populations in Mure (8.9%) and Clrai (7,47%) counties. It was observed that the age groups were significantly different since . A far better indicator of the Roman outlook is the remarkable practice of extending citizenship to manumitted slaves almost all of whom (or their ancestors) came from abroad. , Bosch2006, Varzari2006, Varzari 2013, Martinez-Cruz 2012. Although the relatively newly founded Kingdom of Romania initially allied with Austria-Hungary, Romania refused to enter World War I on the side of the Central Powers, because it was obliged to wage war only if Austria-Hungary was attacked. In Republika Srpska, one of the two entities constituting Bosnia and Herzegovina together with the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romanians are legally recognized as an ethnic minority.[153]. Several inhibiting factors (not unique to this particular case) contribute towards this uncertainty, which may include: For example, the decennial US Census of 2000 calculated (based on a statistical sampling of household data) that there were 367,310 respondents indicating Romanian ancestry (roughly 0.1% of the total population).[151]. Following the conquest of Southern and Central Transylvania around 830, people from the Bulgar Empire mined salt from mines in Turda, Ocna Mure, Sreni and Ocnia. Italy and Spain have been popular emigration destinations, due to a relatively low language barrier, and both are each now home to about a million Romanians. Victor Babe discovered more than 50 germs and a cure for a disease named after him, babesiosis; biologist Nicolae Paulescu was among the first scientists to identify insulin. the 'Roma' group was added under the 'White' ethnic group a write-in response was added for the 'Black African' ethnic group The ethnic groups were: Asian or Asian British Indian Pakistani. The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. The three principalities were united for several months in 1600 under the authority of Wallachian Prince Michael the Brave. Note: The 2011 Romanian census gave a figure of 20,121,641. The influence of Roman culture extends beyond the borders of the Roman Empire, especially due to the influence of Latin and its expansion throughout Middle Europe. The 2002 census indicates that 0.9% of the population is Greek Catholic, as opposed to about 10% prior to 1948. Romania was occupied by Soviet troops in 1944 and became a satellite of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) in 1948. In 2014, the PNL-PDL candidate (as part of the larger Christian Liberal Alliance or ACL for short; also endorsed by the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania, FDGR/DFDR for short respectively) Klaus Iohannis won a surprise victory over former Prime Minister and PSD-supported contender Victor Ponta in the second round of the 2014 presidential elections. [134] Examples of this would include Petr Shornikov,[144] Mikhail Guboglo and Valentin Dergachev. Even before the union with Romania, ethnic Romanians comprised the overall majority in Transylvania. ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKazhdan1991 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFWiewiorowski2008 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFZahariade2006 (, Stelian Brezeanu, O istorie a Bizanului, Editura Meronia, Bucureti, 2005, p.126, Aksum: an African civilisation of late antiquity By Stuart C. Munro-Hay Page 145, Alexandru Madgearu | Originea medieval a focarelor de conflict din Peninsula Balcanic, pp=52-53. One of the reasons for which the number of Germans in Romania fell is because after the Romanian Revolution there has been a mass migration of Transylvania Saxons to Germany, in what was referred by British daily newspaper Guardian to as 'the most astonishing, and little reported, ethnic migration in modern Europe'. Romanian nationalist believe their are descanded from Dacians. [107][108][109][110], By the 9th and 10th centuries, the nomadic Pechenegs conquered much of the steppes of Southeast Europe and the Crimean Peninsula.The Pecheneg wars against the Kievan Rus' caused some of the Slavs and Vlachs from North of the Danube to gradually migrate north of the Dniestr in the 10th and 11th centuries. [8] In connection with the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, as part of the Russian-Ukrainian war, by 15 May 2022, more than 6,223,821 Ukrainian refugees left the territory of Ukraine, moving to the countries closest to the west of Ukraine, of which more than 919,574 people fled to neighboring Romania. Birth rates are generally higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. If to talk about color of hair, many Romanian women are brunettes. With respect to geopolitical identity, many individuals of Romanian ethnicity in Moldova prefer to identify themselves as Moldovans.[61][62]. Lazr Edeleanu was the first chemist to synthesize amphetamine and also invented the modern method of refining crude oil. Curta, Florin (2006), pp. [42], definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.). [89], A series of Arab historians from the 10th century are some of the first to mention Vlachs in Eastern/South Eastern Europe: Mutahhar al-Maqdisi (c.945-991) writes: "They say that in the Turkic neighbourhood there are the Khazars, Russians, Slavs, Waladj (Vlachs), Alans, Greeks and many other peoples". [113], Royal charters wrote of the "Vlachs' land" in southern Transylvania in the early 13th century, indicating the existence of autonomous Romanian communities. [10] For the entire period 19902006, the estimated population loss tops 1.5 million,[10] but it is likely to be higher, given the explosion of migration for work after 2001 and the tendency of some migrants to settle permanently in the countries where they live.[11]. [18] In Romania, there are also guest workers from countries such as Vietnam and Nepal.[19][20]. By the end of the 18th century, the Austrian Empire was awarded by the Ottomans with the region of Bukovina and, in 1812, the Russians occupied the eastern half of Moldavia, known as Bessarabia through the Treaty of Bucharest of 1812.[127]. An error range for the estimate is not provided. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation. See, for example, Fabio Bordignon, "Italian Decentralisation in Romania", SEF 2003, Warsaw. [101][96][102], The princess and chronicler Anna Komnene reports that in April 1091, on the eve of the decisive Byzantine-Pecheneg Battle of Levounion, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (1057-1118) was assisted by "a number of 5,000 brave mountaineers and ready to attack, passed by his side, to fight alongside him". School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education). During the war that percentage was halved, largely by the loss of the border areas of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina (to the former Soviet Union, now Moldova and Ukraine) and southern Dobrudja (to Bulgaria). The Diocese of Dacia (circa 337602) was a diocese of the later Roman Empire, in the area of modern-day Balkans. Theophanes the Confessor recorded it as part of a 6th-century military expedition by Comentiolus and Priscus against the Avars. [157] However, the actual rate of church attendance is significantly lower and many Romanians are only nominally believers. The 2021 Romanian census found that just under 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.[60]. Most Roma speak some form of Romany, a language closely related to the modern Indo-European languages of northern India, as well as the major language of the country in which they . There are different estimates about the size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania because a lot of people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Romani. For the United States 2000 Census figures, almost 20% of the total population did not classify or report an ancestry, and the census is also subject to undercounting, an incomplete (67%) response rate, and sampling error in general. During World War II, the Kingdom of Romania lost territory both to the east and west, as Northern Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary through the Second Vienna Award, while Bessarabia and northern Bukovina were taken by the Soviets and included in the Moldavian SSR, respectively Ukrainian SSR. Most of the specialists who have addressed these aspects have identified those " bold mountaineers ", with the 'Vlachs. Later rulers, especially Ivan Asen II, styled themselves "Tsars (Emperors) of Bulgarians and Romans". In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. It is known as "Limba noastr".[130][131]. The principal minorities in Romania are Hungarians ( Szeklers, Csangos, and Magyars; especially in Harghita, Covasna, and Mure counties) and Romani people, with a declining German population (in Timi, Sibiu, Braov, or Suceava) and smaller numbers of Poles in Bukovina (Austria-Hungary attracted Polish miners, who settled there from the Krakw An alternative name used in connection with the pre-mid Second Bulgarian Empire 13th century period is the Empire of Vlachs and Bulgarians;[112] variant names include the "VlachBulgarian Empire", the "BulgarianWallachian Empire". It holds its origin from ancient Germanicbeing a cognate to "Welsh" and "Walloon"and perhaps even further back in time, from the Roman name Volcae, which was originally a Celtic tribe.

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