So, if they notice anything that deviates from their cultural norms, this can lead to ethnocentric attitudes. Select one: a. the social identity theory b. the realistic conflict theory c. the social exchange theory d. the self-perception theory This would be achieved by removing children from their parents. European Renaissance artists desired to emulate ancient Greek artwork. Promotes understanding and appreciation of different cultures, and can reduce conflict between them. a. Your email address will not be published. when we judge the taste of the Chinese in eating insects, as gross or disgusting simply because we are not used to eating such food we are automatically implying that, the food choices or practice of our own culture is more normal than theirs and thus it is better and not disgusting. A popular example of ethnocentrism is to think of the utensils different cultures prefer to use. Another example of cultural bias relates to the designs of standardized tests such as intelligence tests. is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. In this scenario, this European country can be said to have __________. unlike Persian Americans, Iranian Americans speak Farsi and, therefore, suffer de facto segregation. In this example, again, both cultures may use an ethnocentric lens to look at the other culture. Habits such as using the spoon even while eating rice are a western influence, in India rice is eaten with hands, thus anyone belonging to India would consider this the way to eat rice. Personality the degree to which aspects of personality might be influenced by or linked with cultural influences. Judging Other Countries' Diets An example of ethnocentrism is when you judge other countries for the way they eat, but don't have a moral reason for this. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own culture. This has had benefits when it comes to diagnosing mental illness, for example. Obviously, they didnt deserve the torture they received, and this was clearly an extreme case of ethnocentrism. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. An example of how cultural relativism is relevant in research is noted by Sternberg (1985), who stated that the meaning of intelligence is different in every culture. Middle Eastern Americans. Folkways: A study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, mores, and morals. SURVEY . The conflict perspective Both are an extreme end to a spectrum and thus there is a need to look for ways to allow change to come about by taking practices of other cultures missing in our own and at the same time maintaining our own culture. Multiple Choice Estavan faces an ethical dilemma as he must decide whether or not to hire his underqualified cousin. Ethnocentrism leads to the formation of feelings of us and them creating and enforcing the ideas of an in-group and an out-group, where the former will refer to the people of ones own culture, and the latter to the people of another culture. Muslims and Jews within Spain were forced to convert or be killed. Many of us arrogantly believe that everyone should speak English to us, no matter where we are in the world. c. civil disobedience. The "us" that Shylock is referring to are the Jewish people. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. However, the results from other cultures were very different. Whilst they are not the same, ethnocentrism can lead to prejudiced behaviors and attempts to impose ones subjective culture onto other cultural groups. Cross-cultural psychology can explore many topics, such as: Child development whether unique cultural practices influence development. tribal group She also has a bachelor's in psychology from the University of Illinois. While the American ideal standard for attachment is secure attachment, many Japanese infants displayed behaviors that would be considered insecure-resistant attachment whilst many of the German infants displayed what would be considered insecure-avoidant attachment.. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. This idealization may then result in cultural appropriation if an individual from a majority ethic group mimics the culture of a minority ethic group without proper permission, respect, or education. 2000. Christopher, J. C., & Hickinbottom, S. (2008). At its most extreme, cultural relativism leaves no room for criticism of other cultures, even if certain cultural practices are horrific or harmful. Thus, when using Western-designed intelligence tests in non-western countries, there is likely to be a bias in the results since the test measures something from the benchmark of different cultural experiences. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. We are committed to engaging with you and taking action based on your suggestions, complaints, and other feedback. He interacts with his coworkers but only gradually gains acceptance in everyday interaction with members of the dominant group. in T.V. For traditional Peruvian cultures, Guinea Pigs are animals to be eaten! Recent issues of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) now include a list of culture-specific behaviors that help diagnose mental health issues accurately. This comes in stark contrast to xenocentrism - the belief that someone else's culture is superior to their own. individual What are the disadvantages of ethnocentrism? funeral tradition includes bringing bodies out from tombs once every seven years, wrapping them in cloth, and dancing with them. Other immigration approaches include Integration, where different cultures all live together in a patchwork throughout a city, and Self-Determination, where everyone can choose which culture they want to follow. All rights reserved. This desire can include a preference for foreign goods, ideas, and styles, among other aspects of culture. Theory & psychology, 18(5), 563-589. All articles are edited by a PhD level academic. When visiting foreign countries, people often judge those foreign cultures by their own native cultural standards. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. An emic approach, which looks within cultures to identify behaviors that are specific to that culture, is usually the most appropriate approach to studying cross-culturally. Some people view this practice disrespectful to the body of the deceased person. a. espite the fact that cultural relativism promotes the appreciation for cultural differences, it can also be problematic. According to Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory Chief Protector of Aborigines, there was urgency to ensure mixed race children reject Aboriginal cultures: Everything necessary [must be done] to convert the half-caste into a white citizen. We have this luxury because English is currently the worlds dominant language especially in business interactions. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora,20(2), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v20i2.7401. It can manifest in overt beliefs and behavior or in subconscious views and prejudices. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors. Native Americans in the United States are currently in a transition from a history marked by prejudice and discrimination to a contemporary life in which they may find new opportunities. developing an ethnocentric attitude toward the dominant group. Xenocentrism occurs when people desire to engage in the traditions of other cultures more than that of their own. Irish Americans Throughout the film, the family believes that because their culture is best their children should attend Greek schools, learn Greek language, and study Greek history. Which of the following statements is true of Puerto Rican Americans in the United States? In order to avoid conflict over culture practices and beliefs, we must all try to be more culturally relative. As ethnocentrism implicates a strong identification with an in-group, it can lead to ingrained negative feelings and stereotyping of out-group members, which can be confused with racism. The opposite of this is xenocentrism, where you believe another culture is better than your own. The film shows a Greek family living in the United States who are very proud of their Greek heritage. An example of ethnocentrism is believing that the traditional clothing of a culture other than your own is strange or incorrect. In contrast, cultural relativism would appreciate and accept that different cultures have their own clothing and would not make a negative judgment about someones clothing even if it is different from what is the norm for them. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Which of the following best exemplifies the diffusion of popular culture throughout the world in contemporary society? Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. diverse lives. Japanese Americans All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Ethnocentrism can lead to negative attitudes and behaviors towards those who are perceived as different and can contribute to conflicts and misunderstandings between different cultural groups. Most of them have been employed in the high-wage sector of the service economy. https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-ethnocentrism-and-cultural-relativism/#:~:text=and%20Cultural%20Relativism-,Definition,using%20standards%20of%20another%20culture. Theres no intrinsic difference between a Jew and a Christian, a black and a white, a Chinese citizen and a German citizen, and so forth. Such a belief develops out of socialization, which provides us the knowledge of the existence of different cultures, and that of our own, what these cultures entail, what is normal, what is different, what is right or what is wrong. This can lead to ethnocentrism when we roll our eyes are people who arent bilingual, even when were in their own country! a. Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. race This approach aims to observe cultural differences in the relevant context and uses that cultures concepts or standards. Here, you can see, theres a fine line between love for your culture and nation, and irrational belief in your own countrys superiority. The film is a great example of a migrant family who not only wants to retain their cultural heritage but looks upon the dominant culture with suspicion, distaste, and even sometimes scorn. Antonio constantly scorns Shylock for being a Jew, which ultimately culminates in one of the most famous speeches of all time where Shylock asks: "If you prick us, do we not bleed? However, cultural relativism can also be negative when people avoid taking a stand against oppressive cultural traditions, such as female genital mutilation. Research that is centered around one cultural group is called ethnocentric.. In extreme cases, a group of individuals may see another culture as wrong or immoral and because of this may try to convert, sometimes forcibly, the group to their own ways of living. c. a. All the advice on this site is general in nature. Identify examples of ethnocentrism. (2020, February 17). Some would argue thats whats going on with the country's involvement in the Middle East. d. To counter this trend, the Japanese are buying low-calorie, low-fat foods to help shed excess weight and are flocking to health clubs. Ethnorelativism is the ability to see values and behaviors as cultural rather than universal.It is a belief based on respect for other cultures, believing that all groups, cultures, or subcultures are inherently equal. It involves evaluating other cultures and ethnic groups based on the standards and values of ones own group and viewing them as inferior or less important. Imperialism, the practice of taking over other lands, was heavily practiced by Europe as far back as the 16th century. c. Race is a more objective way of categorizing people since it is more observable. That wouldnt be ethnocentric because it would be based on thoughtfulness and balance. Likewise, when researchers apply their theory to another culture, and the results differ from what was the norm in their culture, they state that there is something wrong with that culture. Ethnocentrism. (2021). The Spanish Inquisition is one of the most extreme examples of religious ethnocentrism that has occurred in human history. These are simply two different ways of understanding the meaning of holding hands. d. Conclusions were drawn from the results that the results would be the same across all cultures. Which of the following comprises the largest Asian American group in the United States? Believing that ones own culture is correct can spread misinformation about other cultures, leading to negative consequences. Adolf Hitler decided he hated Jewish people, as well as other groups of people, and had many innocent people slaughtered in concentration camps. They may laugh at the clumsiness of foreigners when they use chopsticks. Upholding the sanctity of ones own culture may hinder societal progress and may prevent cooperation between cultures. Mrs. Maisel befriends a Catholic co-worker and mocks the name of her church - Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow. Ideal Culture, Mechanisms of Cultural Change: Invention, Diffusion & Innovation, Hofstede's Power Distance: Definition & Examples, Elements of Culture: Explanation of the Major Elements That Define Culture, The Iroquois League: Definition & History, What Is Cultural Syncretism? And while many of us might say Its a womans right to decide what she wears and we should respect her no matter what, different cultures have various views on this! Some of the most famous psychological studies (such as Milgrams. It's common for people to believe that what they don't have is somehow better, in other words, that "the grass is always greener on the other side." However, youll see in these examples of ethnocentrism that the practice is not only absurd, but potentially fatal. But some of us do, showing how we think our way of doing things is the right and natural approach, and other peoples approaches are naturally inferior. The belief that French wines and cheeses are superior to all other wines and cheeses. Intelligence tests that are designed by Western researchers reflect the idea of what the West considers as being intelligent. d. Most Filipinos have had the start-up capital necessary to open their own businesses. When research does not consider ethnocentrism, this can reinforce pre-existing discrimination and prevent other cultures from having equal opportunities. a. Clearly, this practice relates to problems of both racism and prejudice. In truth, both ideals are a bit skewed. For example, considering the differences between Chinese culture and American culture, it would be beneficial for Americans to try and see things from a Chinese perspective when visiting China, rather than applying an American lens. Ethnocentrism often leads to incorrect assumptions about others behavior based on your own norms, values, and beliefs. b. Ethnocentric studies are not inherently invalid and should not be disregarded. As for certifications, Nichole is a certified ESL/TEFL teacher, and she has nearly 10 years of experience in teaching English Language Learners. For example, many Americans might thing Peruvians eating Guinea Pig to be disgusting. b. People would say your accent is so funny! and I would say no, your accent is funny!. Becoming aware of these new possibilities will ultimately change the people who are exposed to the new ideas. In Madagascar, for example, the famahidana funeral tradition includes bringing bodies out from tombs once every seven years, wrapping them in cloth, and dancing with them. In the context of the historical experiences of Native Americans in the United States, this "Trail of Tears" was an intentional act of __________. a. For instance, when the US is marketed as being "the land of opportunity" with "golden streets", people outside of the US may neglect the needs of their own country in favor of living an American lifestyle or immigrating to the US. While many people may recognize ethnocentricity as problematic, they may not realize it occurs everywhere, both at local and political levels. To assume that people from other cultures are neither mature enough nor responsible enough to consider criticism from the outside is demeaning. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture/nation is superior to all others, while xenocentrism is the belief that other cultures are better than one's own culture/nation. This had a negative effect on the attitudes of white Americans towards these other groups of people, specifically that they were not as intelligent as them. E.g. Provide a short answer that makes a clear claim. Cultural bias in psychology is when research is conducted in one culture, and the findings are generalized to other cultures or are accepted as universally applicable. Catholicism was the naturalized religion in society and all others were judged by Catholic doctrine to be heretics. We can see many examples of ethnocentrism Some people view this practice disrespectful to the body of the deceased person. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00907.x, https://doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v20i2.7401. Research Methodology Scientific Processes, BSc (Hons), Psychology, MSc, Psychology of Education. d. Similarly, an American might turn up their nose at the French eating snails. c. Which of the following terms refers to policies or procedures that are intended to promote equal opportunity for categories of people deemed to have been previously excluded from equality in education, employment, and other fields on the basis of characteristics such as race or ethnicity? However, xenocentrism becomes a problem when the many vibrant cultures and traditions that exist around the world are replaced by American ideals, goods, and services. d. b. ), 9. But as the Egyptian man in this clip says, its natural to them. succeed. This scenario best exemplifies __________. case-by-case They looked at different types of land use (such as with nomadic cultures) and governments (such as tribal rather than parliamentary systems) as rationales for these beliefs. More than half of the members of the Cherokee Nation died during or as a result of their coerced relocation from the southeastern United States to the Indian Territory in Oklahoma. Unwilling to learn about other cultures because they are perceived as inferior. For instance, when a non-Indigenous individual wears a headdress, their action is generally viewed as disrespectful, since non-Indigenous people don't have a deep understanding of the distinct knowledge and traditions that Indigenous groups associate with the wearing of a headdress. Questions and Answers for [Solved] Which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism? This ethnocentrism can be fun, and only really has a negative effect when you start discriminating against people based on their accent. In the movies, ethnocentrism isnt often presented as a serious problem. and The Italians were the first white ethnic immigrants to enter the United States. b. There was a belief that Catholicism was the best religion and that all other religions were intolerable. Part of ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own. Ethnocentrism can lead to people being more close-minded to how other people live, almost as if they are living in a bubble of their own culture. Ethnic pluralism These procedures would then not be used across other cultures where it may yield invalid results. Tilley, J. J. Affirmative action https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-ethnocentrism-and-cultural-relativism/#:~:text=and%20Cultural%20Relativism-,Definition,using%20standards%20of%20another%20culture. What is socially acceptable in one culture may be socially awkward in another, and this can result in negative judgment. He did not feel negatively toward African Americans but refused to serve them in his restaurant because he feared that serving them would offend his white customers. Better yet, why not turn it into a persuasive speech? In the 1950s, many African Americans participating in the civil rights movement tried to combat racial inequality through nonviolent action seeking to change a policy or law by refusing to comply with it. One of the challenges that Native Americans face today is A large corporation Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology. Select an example of popular culture that you believe demonstrates these behaviors, films, TV shows, books, and music that reflect stereotypes and depict different cultures in ways that contribute to fear and hostility or idealize U.S. culture are useful for this analysis. Some could argue that it is ethnocentric because it reveals a preference for your culture to remain the dominant norm and remain the standard within your country. d. Implicit theories of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom. Examples of Ethnocentrism 1. As these studies were conducted a long time ago, you may expect that psychological research is more culturally diverse now. Unlike in ethnic groups, the membership of an individual to a racial group is ascribed from birth. d. Race is based on physical characteristics, whereas ethnicity is based on culture and national origin. Plenty of Europeans might feel like its very normal for women to wear bikinis at the beach. b. people are not doing it mercy fully but their child. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. d. The symbolic interactionist perspective. With the emic approach, researchers can immerse themselves fully into a culture and develop a deep understanding of their practices and values. This cross-cultural relationship provides hope that new opportunities will be discovered, but at the same time it is threatening. What is Directed Cultural Change? Expecting others to speak your language and criticizing them if they cant. While it is not necessarily bad to believe your culture is good or to be patriotic, ethnocentrism is the belief that your culture is superior, which can come with downfalls. They noticed that in some cultures, coordination and motor skills are essential to life, so if someone excels in these skills, they are considered highly intelligent according to that culture. For example, views about the signs and symptoms of mental disorders in the DSM are based on white male experiences, so other experiences are ignored. Which of the following terms describes the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society? Journal of personality and social psychology,49(3), 607. The different results from other cultures were presented as abnormal and in need of explanation rather than considering that the differences are due to cultural differences in how children are raised. However, she describes white athletes as intelligent people who are better suited for decision-making positions. a. They have one of the highest levels of educational attainment among Asian Americans. Deregulation A conceptual analysis and political implications. b. The writing illustrates important components of ethnocentrism in history as well because, before the victory of the Civil Rights era, blacks would often try to "pass" for whites, and those who succeeded were often scorned by other blacks. But many Asian cultures where chopsticks are the norm may have opposite views. d. Ethnocentrism is a bias or even a knee-jerk reaction where you are illogically inclined to believe that your way of doing things is best. Nichole DelValley has a Master of Education in Curriculum and Instruction from the University of Washington where she focused her research on Multicultural Education. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/admin/, 6. Shows, books, movies etc. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Ainsworths research is culturally biased since standards were set regarding what securely attached means based on an American-only sample. Cultural relativism is the practice of viewing foreign cultures or nations from their unique standards and perspectives. they had migrated to the United States before Persia was renamed as Iran in 1970. They also overtook lands in Africa, Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, Scotland, and more. That's not to say that the desire to move away from one's own country is unwarranted, as this idolization of American culture can often be the result of people suffering under the rule of oppressive governments. But, be sure to stay open-minded and avoid making unfair judgements of others. established genetically Ethnocentrism is the belief that your culture is natural and correct while other peoples cultures are incorrect, unnatural, or inferior. The belief that the style of clothing in another culture is superior to those within your own culture. This novel indicates that ethnocentrism is an extremely broad topic because even within one's own ethnicity, divisions will be found. The American government educated Native American children in American-style boarding schools. a. In fact, I remember when I did my semester abroad when I was younger that we used to talk about it all the time.

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