Separated from bases and food and feedstuffs. trailer Sweep spilled substance into sealable non-metallic containers. In addition, there were 46 hospitalizations, and seven life-threatening outcomesfive from the same household. [1] The ecological impact of lindanes environmental persistence continues to be debated. 0000003484 00000 n Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. [26], Lindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. WebLindane is an organochlorine pesticide belonging to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that has been widely used to treat agricultural pests. (B) Bulk packages with a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons); or. As noted by the U.S. District Court, the case pleads that [d]efendants swap agricultural and pharmaceutical research selectively quoting and/or misstating findings from studies relating to the agricultural use of lindane, and widely disseminate false, misleading, and defamatory statements about the safety profile and effectiveness of lindane.[34] On June 18, 2007, Judge Elaine Bucklo issued a written decision denying defendants motion to dismiss and further held that Morton Grove had properly pled a case suitable for trial on the following counts: defamation, false advertising under the Federal Lanham Act, trade disparagement and violation of the Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practice Act. startxref 0000001327 00000 n Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. For materials described using UN3077, Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. and UN3082, Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s., see 172.102(c)(1), special provision 441 for additional provisions; and. Well closed. For these purposes, 105 fish were exposed to different concentrations of Lindane for 96 h in 5 groups with 3 replications. [25] In 2002, the EPA concluded that lindane agricultural products were eligible for re-registration given industry compliance with certain data and labeling requirements to mitigate occupational risks to workers. [7], Based on these findings, lindane lotion and lindane shampoo were limited to small unit-dose bottles in 2003 by the FDA to mitigate the risk of misuse and further enhance product safety. WebThis Lindane Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document replaces the earlier National Marine Fisheries Service No Observed Adverse Effect Level National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System EPA Office of Pesticide Programs Population Adjusted Dose Pesticide Analytical Method Public Document Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the northern front range from "serious" to "severe." 0000006477 00000 n Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and [1] The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (-HCH) and benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine insecticide that has been used in agriculture and in pharmaceutical products for the treatment of headlice and scabies. Sore throat. [1] Alpha- and beta-HCH were used agriculturally in the U.S. in the form of technical-grade HCH until 1976 and are also produced as manufacturing by-products but are void of insecticidal properties and have little to no use. [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. WebThe table located at Appendix B to 172.101, List of Marine Pollutants, contains two columns. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Vomiting. To explore the toxic effects of lindane and the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity, the animal model Caenorhabditis At the same time, a boxed warning was added to the prescription label to highlight to healthcare providers appropriate use criteria and rare treatment risks. [10] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Other countries, like Canada, similarly approve of pharmaceutical applications for lindane but no longer permit its broader use agriculturally. It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. The authors concluded that "The California experience suggests elimination of pharmaceutical lindane produced environmental benefits, was associated with a reduction in reported unintentional exposures and did not adversely affect head lice and scabies treatment. [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. This article wants to briefly summarise the Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. [6] Fish, marine mammals and birds in the region are exposed to environmental pollutants, increasing the stress of the marine ecosystem. Formula: C6H6Cl6 1997-2023 LUMITOS AG, All rights reserved, https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Lindane.html, Your browser is not current. WebThe concentration addition model was applied to determine whether toxicity of two compounds, phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane The EPA has approved the use of lindane stockpiles through 2009. Boiling point: 323C Melting point: 113C Density: 1.9 g/cmSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20C: 0.0007 (very poor)Vapour pressure, Pa at 20C: 0.0012 Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20C (air = 1): 1Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 3.61 - 3.72. Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. Lindane persists in the environment and bioaccumulates as an organochlorine pesticide and can pose risks to ecological environments and human Fresh air, rest. WebLINDANE: ICSC: 0053 (November 2016) gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-BHC gamma-HCH: CAS #: 58-89-9: UN #: 2761 EC Number: 200-401-2 ACUTE Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. xref Effects of short-term exposure (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. 0000001686 00000 n (2) Be marked on each end and each side with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark if the packaging has a capacity of 3,785 L (1,000 gallons) or more. Larger than the issue of lindane toxicity are concerns related to the non-gamma isomers of HCH, namely alpha-HCH and beta-HCH, which are notably more toxic than lindane. WebInternational initiatives on Lindane include the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution; the Rotterdam Convention; the OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic, the Great Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development. Convulsions. This may result in convulsions. The MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: (2) The marking must be in the form of a square-on-point. Symbol (fish and tree): Black on white or suitable contrasting background. With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. In 2003, the FDA published a safety analysis of adverse events reported in association with the use of lindane medications received through its adverse event monitoring system (AERS database) between from 1974 through 2002. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard; or. The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the They are second line treatments, meaning they are prescribed only when first-line therapies have failed, cannot be tolerated or are otherwise contraindicated. UN Classification Lindane is registered for use in 50 countries, with restricted-use status in 33 of these countries. The most common side effects are nonserious reactions of the skin (e.g., burning, itching, dryness and rash). Web( d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required ( 1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: ( i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or ( ii) A net [7] These infectious diseases, two of which are sexually transmitted, affect tens of millions of Americans and hundreds of millions of people worldwide every year. However, a significant amount of Lindane is also found in Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. [4] Lindane has not been manufactured in the U.S. since the mid-1970s but continues to be imported and formulated for restricted use. 0000001244 00000 n Gyceril PABA. Headache. During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. 0 Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. Marine pollutants or environmentally hazardous substances are materials that can pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems. Marine pollutant is a term mainly used by IMDG code while the term " environmentally hazardous substances " are used by other dangerous goods regulations such as ADR and IATA. (see also Regulatory Status). WebIn the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all provisions of this subchapter relevant to any additional hazards continue to [15] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Lindane has not been shown to alter immunocompetence in humans and is not considered to be genotoxic. 0000050404 00000 n Abstract. Inhalation risk The most common reports to the FDA were "drug ineffective," followed by convulsions, dermatitis and dizziness. Your browser does not support JavaScript. [27] Similar findings were noted by U.S. Geologic Survey teams in 1999 and 2000. 0000004014 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n A wide range of pollutionfrom plastic pollution to light pollutionaffects marine ecosystems. Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. Lindane is the main insecticide produced in China. Each side of the mark must be -. Web4-methylbenzylidene camphor. A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, a bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant must -, (1) Be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark on at least two opposing sides or two ends other than the bottom if the packaging has a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons). (3) Transitional exception. WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. (i) At least 100 mm (3.9 inches) as measured from the outside of the lines forming the border for marks applied to: (A) Non-bulk packages, except in the case of packages which, because of their size, can only bear smaller marks. (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. %PDF-1.4 % A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. Cough. 0000003215 00000 n Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. The following ingredients are of concern in the marine environment and need more testing: Cinoxate. (4) On a package of limited quantity material marked in accordance with 172.315 of this part. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Routes of exposure Access to page content (press "Enter") Lindane and [7] (see also Regulatory History) Repeatedly, the FDA has concluded that lindane medications provide public health benefits at an acceptably low level of riska factor for all medications. [24] The Joint Committee on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) of The World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations similarly concluded in 2004 that In the absence of genotoxicity and on the basis of the weight of the evidence from the studies of carcinogenicity, JMPR has concluded that lindane is not likely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans.[21], The production and use of lindane in agricultural (both of which have declined significantly in the last 20 years) are the primary causes of environmental contamination,[25] and levels of lindane in the environment have waned in the U.S. from 1986 through 2003, consistent with decreasing agricultural usage patterns. (e) MARINE POLLUTANT mark. 125 0 obj <>stream [1][21] Similarly, no increased cancer risk was noted in a large epidemiologic study of lindane medications involving a 143,594-patient database with up to 21 years of follow up, which concluded that There is still no persuasive evidence from studies of humans that lindane, as ordinarily used clinically, is carcinogenic in humans. [22] Column 1 is labeled S.M.P. for Severe Marine Pollutants and Column 2 is This article is based in part on the public domain US government document at FDA.gov. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified lindane as a possible human carcinogen. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. [4] There is a bill in the New York State Assembly and Senate to ban its use in head lice products and limit its use on scabies, which had not passed as of September 2007. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. The study also documented a marked decrease in lindane wastewater contamination and lindane poisoning incidents reported to Poison Control Centers. [6] Most exposure of the general population to lindane results from agricultural uses and the intake of contaminated foods, such as produce, meats and milk. Refer for medical attention. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. [3] It is presently banned in more than 50 countries, and is being considered for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, which would ban its production and use worldwide. Tremor. 0000006227 00000 n Studies of the carcinogenic effects of lindane have been inconclusive and often limited by study design; however, no major carcinogenic effects have been noted in human trials to date. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Refer immediately for medical attention. This requirement may be met by the marking displayed on a freight container or portable tank loaded on a motor vehicle or rail car. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [7] [17] When used properly, lindane medications are safe and effective for the diseases they are approved. Transportation 49.172.101List of Marine Pollutants. [citation needed], The US EPA has determined that lindane does not contaminant drinking water in excess of the Agency's level of concern. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. 0000047710 00000 n Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. Ethyl-4-aminobenzoate. Rinse mouth. 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (Octinoxate, Uvinul MC80) Glyceril octanoate dimethoxylcinnamate. This is the third severe geomagnetic storm (G4) since Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019. Remove contaminated clothes. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 does not support some functions on Chemie.DE. The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and trichlorobenzenes (see ICSCs 0344, 1049 and 1222). Refer for medical attention . WebLindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA's Great Waters Program due to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans Exposure could cause death. 89 0 obj <>stream UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III, Prepared by an international group of experts on behalf of ILO and WHO, [4][6] It is banned in 52 countries and the state of California, and is under review for addition to the Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants. [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. Rest. The width of the border forming the square-on-point marking must be at least 2 mm. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. [1] In 2003, the EPA reported on the results of large-scale water contaminant testing of 16,000 water systems serving 100 million people across the U.S. and found that none contained lindane levels above the maximum contaminant level standard considered safe. Wash hands before eating. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "Moderately Hazardous," and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in 1951 it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs). %%EOF However, Morton Grove presented new facts supporting its case for jurisdiction in Illinois and the Court held that Morton Grove's "Second Amended Complaint would provide specific jurisdiction over the Center and Weil." The International HCH and Pesticide Forum has since been established to bring together experts to address the clean-up and containment of these sites. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. [7][16], In all age groups, reported adverse events occurred mainly in patients with contraindications to the use of lindane or in those who appeared to have misapplied or orally ingested medication.

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