The Trieste Troops Command was an Italian Army brigade-sized command located in the city of the Trieste and tasked with the defense of the city in case of a Yugoslav-Italian war. I had been in the army for four and a half years, and as dad, G-d rest his soul, would have said, 'It's enough already'. 1/21/06 Hi, Olga You can use this work for any purpose, as long as it is not primarily intended for or directed to commercial advantage or monetary compensation. Roman Catholic (Chiesa di S. Antonio) and the other Serbian Orthodox (Chiesa We were at a rifle range that took your photograph if you hit the target and, much to our surprise, it actually worked! There were another 91,000 German troops on the lines of communication, and Germans commanded about 100,000 Italian police. Catalogue search results provide short descriptions of our records and a document reference for each one you will need the document reference to see the record itself. http://www.tergeste.net/PzSAntonioJ.htm. October 1945: On board a mine-sweeper in Trieste Harbour From the Regimental Diary for 1 October 1945: 'Major JJ O'Brien left to go on a course in UK, also 14 days leave. rest were Serbians, Bulgarians, Romanians and Serbians from Romania who had On 1 September 1962 151st Infantry Regiment "Sassari" and the 14th Field Artillery Regiment entered the newly raised Trieste Military Command, which was tasked with the defence of the city. [25][26] On April 27, the 1st Armored Division entered Milan which had been liberated by the partisans on April 25 and the IV Corps commander Willis D. Crittenberger entered the city on April 30. It transferred to X Corps in July 1943, and landed with the corps at Salerno in Italy on 9 September 1943. everything in Serbia to enjoy the freedom of the West. ''The Italians should try their own war criminals before hunting down people in other countries. Most of the articles that I've posted on this site started life in the Goldstein Family Book that we published privately in 1988. Needless to say, once the guilty parties had fled the evidence was kept by the MPs for later sale to their own pet buyers. Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Detail, View of a path through the park with a tablet made of stone from the Karst, The park was built in the. From 1950 onwards, unit historical records and reports are in WO 305. In the end of summer These seemed idiotic and insuperable difficulties that we encountered, but in the thick of this maelstrom of chaos we found individuals with whom we could share our common fate as we waited to re-enter Canada. In 1953 Britain and the United States stated their intention to leave Zone A and hand its administration over to Italy. He was captured in Trieste. +44 (0)20 7611 2222info@wellcomecollection.org, Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence, Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). I cant find any information about [28], Secret surrender negotiations between representatives of the Germans and Western Allies had taken place in Switzerland (Operation Crossword) in March, but had resulted only in protests from the Soviets that the Western Allies were attempting to negotiate a separate peace. Trieste was a very interesting place to be at this time and it was not unknown for a lot of black marketing to be going on between the troops and the civilians. The 78 Infantry Division had been deployed to North Africa in November 1942. already crowded with almost 2,400 people of many nationalities, most of whom Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. The service was about halfway through when there was a clamour at one of the doors. A search for documents at The National Archives usually begins inour online catalogue. He loved all aspects of the cinema and when we were in Rome I went with him to see 'The Song of Bernadette' and he sent a review of it back to his old firm and later showed me the article in the magazine. This state was de facto dissolved in 1954 as un-governable and in 1977 in the Treaty of Osimo officially subdivided between the two countries: the city of Trieste went to Italy, while the southern part of the territory went to Yugoslavia. The large hall where I made my goodbyes was packed with hundreds of men trying on the latest that Montague Burton had to offer, although if I remember rightly you could have any colour suit providing it was navy or brown and any style providing it was single breasted or double breasted! The first photograph (Panorama Within a short time I was put in complete charge of all the technical stores in the squadron. Rail travel ground to a halt. For my own peace of mind I asked him to tell me, in all confidence, how hed organised this massive theft, but he merely laughed and said, 'It wasnt me mate !'. American and British forces immediately began to withdraw from Zone A and on 26 October 1954 the last TRUST commander, Major General John A. Dabney handed over control of Zone A to the Italian 82nd Infantry Regiment "Torino" which was transferred from its base in Forl to Trieste and formed the core of the provisional Grouping "T". very much if you would include "San Sabba DP camp" as one of your many transit It landed in Sicily on 26 July 1943, moving to Italy on 22 September 1943. into this derelict burned-out rice mill that was a Nazi death camp five years Swedish Lutheran Church but newly retired. Archived post. Finally, the fourth division was with the 14th Army in a sector thought less likely to be attacked.[11]. The 15th Army Group ration strength was 1,334,000 men, the Eighth Army having an effective strength of 632,980 men, and the Fifth Army 266,883. Damage to other transport infrastructure forced Axis forces to use sea, canal, and river routes for supply. As I peeped out of the window to see what was going on I actually saw them take the photo. smallest information would be very helpful to me. If you are looking for war diaries or other records related to specific British Army regiments and other units these are often recorded in our catalogue using abbreviations so try a variety of terms when searching (for example, Regt as well as Regiment, Bn as well as Battalion, Bty as well as Battery), Anthony Farrar-Hockley, The British Part in the Korean War: Official History (HMSO, 1990-1995), Lawrence Freedman, The Official History of the Falklands Campaign (Routledge, 2005), Arthur S White, A Bibliography of Regimental Histories of the British Army (The Naval and Military Press, 1992). ADDRESS It took part in the final offensive with the crossing of the River Senio and then the forcing of the Argenta Gap. The territory was split into the Yugoslav-administered Zone B in the South and the British-American-administered Zone A in the north, which included the city of Trieste. Politics, policy and planning: records of high command, 4. Subordinate units came from . The United States Army assigned the mission of providing troops for the Free Territory of Trieste to the 88th Infantry Division which was on occupation duty in Italy along the Morgan Line between Italy and Yugoslavia. Food was at a premium there In the first week of April, diversionary attacks were launched on the extreme right and left of the Allied front to draw German reserves away from the main assaults. of time, Trieste was seen as being peripheral to the centers of Italian Besides, these three individuals are innocent. Best of luck Eric Simmonds ex 31st field regt. In the next three years, we were In fact, Trieste was one of the most important cities in the Austro-Hungarian kingdom, along with Vienna, Budapest, and Prague. ''As soon as one of them was questioned, four or five women rushed up to them and accused them of having murdered or tortured one of their relatives, or of having burned down their homes. to hear the details of the history. For any other comments, please Contact Us. This was vital information, as at the drop of a hat the squadron could be called onto the streets of Trieste to keep the peace. The ex-prisoner lived in London and as we had to change stations at King's Cross I agreed to let him visit his folks in Caledonian Road before we finally took him back to camp. I heard he ended up in the Basovizza foibe. GAUMONT BRITISH NEWSREEL (REUTERS)To license this film, visit https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA6XE2ZWC64DCEWO5I7WLX1GOD1-ARMY-DAY-PARADE-IN-TRIESTE-ITA. British Element Trieste Force (BETFOR) was the UK organization in the free territory. We as troops got a 'free issue' of 50 a week, plus we were able to buy at least a hundred a week in the NAAFI. Click on the following series references to search for records within each respective series using keywords and dates. Alternatively, search The National Archives library catalogue to see what is available to consult at Kew. The rest of the division followed in December along with the 3rd Greek Mountain Brigade. Among the cultural treats available in Trieste was an old Roman Castle named Castello San Giusto. tri.e.stin) in the local language itself. It fought through the battle for Anzio and onto the battle for Rome. Every morning I would set up the plan board in his office showing which, if any, vehicles were 'off the road'. eastern Friuli and Istria. The capture of Bologna was looked upon as a secondary task.[12]. Take this particular story and the references to my dear old friend Eddy Patman. Below are just some of the wars and conflicts since 1945 that are covered in our records. For the first time in my army career I saw officers under the rank of captain being ordered to join snow-clearing parties and issued with spades to do some of the digging themselves! United States National Archives (NARA) Italian Communists always backed Yugoslavia's territorial claims, in Trieste in particular, and many fought with the Partisans. Michael's email to you said it all. In the meantime, the 24th Guards Brigade, part of the 56th (London) Infantry Division, had launched an amphibious flanking attack from the water to the right of the Argenta Gap. camps to house about four thousand of this tragic army, who were fleeing Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) terms and conditions, Royal Army Medical Corps Muniments Collection, Album of photographs of the British Military Hospital, Trieste, Italy, on completion of re-organisation RAMC/2068, Album of photographs of the British Military Hospital, Trieste, Italy, on completion of re-organisation, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. After the war I wrote to him and his delightful reply is at the back of my album. A Roman Catholic priest, Don Sceck, told the investigators that a group of 150 fascists were swiftly sentenced and then mowed down by Partisan troops with machine guns on May 2, 1945, in Basovizza, a small Slovene-speaking village just outside Trieste. frontier, to Trieste's "San Sabba, then "Opicina" and finally to the newly-constructed "San Sabba Annex," where men, women and children were still crammed to the point of suffocation. Its particularly interesting to me today as it shows Busty, Loopy and Chesty Reed, the RSM. Once the Santerno was crossed, the British 78th Infantry Division would reprise their Cassino role and pass through the bridgehead established by the Indians and New Zealanders and drive for Bastia and the Argenta gap, 23km (14mi) behind the Senio, where the dry land narrowed to a front of only 5km (3mi), bounded on the right by Lake Comacchio, a huge lagoon running to the Adriatic coast and on the left by a marshland. ''It's just too controversial, too painful. To the left of the 8th Indian Division, on the left of the salient, the 2nd New Zealand Division would attack across the river to form a pincer. Coat of Arms of the Trieste Troops Command, Last edited on 22 December 2022, at 10:58, 1975 the Italian army undertook a major reform, 1st Motorized Infantry Battalion "San Giusto", "82 Reggimento Fanteria "Torino" - La Storia", "151 Reggimento Fanteria "Sassari" - La Storia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trieste_Troops_Command&oldid=1128868079, I Field Artillery Group, in Trieste, with, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 10:58. [29], On 1 May 1945, the Chief of Staff of the National Republican Army, Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, announced the unconditional surrender of the Italian Social Republic and ordered the forces under his command to lay down their arms. General Harold Alexander, having been promoted to Field Marshal, replaced Wilson as Allied Supreme Commander Mediterranean on December 12. commerce and culture, and lost influenc--however lately During the same reform the Cavalry Brigade "Pozzuolo del Friuli" was split and the Regiment "Piemonte Cavalleria" (2nd) was used to form the new Armored Brigade "Vittorio Veneto", which took over the defense of the area between Trieste and the Timavo river. The system for release from the army at that time was based on a combination of age and length of service. It was the best meal we'd had in I was a child then and became very sick in TBC. By clicking on the series links (for example,WO 269) you will arrive on the respective series description pages from where you can search the series, using dates/years and keywords, such as: Series description pages also provide information on the arrangement of the records and sometimes some of the historical context in which they were created, as well as suggesting related series you could explore. We can either copy our records onto paper or deliver them to you digitally, Visit us in Kew to see original documents or view online records for free, Consider paying for The YMCA in Trieste had taken over a leisure centre which offered, amongst other facilities, a chance to have one's laundry done. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. At the time in question he was sufficiently satisfied with my services to both him and the squadron to ask me to stay on in the army after I was due for demob. from that early impromptu tent camp, near the Yugoslav The German Army surrendered to New Zealand army on May 2. International pressure made the Yugoslavs leave the city on June 12. 4 Infantry Division (1944-45) It remained in the U.K. re-equipping and refitting until leaving for North Africa on 6 January 1943. The division returned to Italy on 15 September 1944. We showed them around, let them drive our tanks etc, and in short they had a good day's fun. http://www.beyondthebluehorizon.com/triestephotogallery/. Use theadvanced catalogue search to restrict your search results to the records of a specific government department, including its predecessors (for example, the War Office or the Ministry of Defence). The Memorandum gave Zone A with Trieste to Italy for an ordinary civil administration, and Zone B, which had already had a communist government since 1947, to Yugoslavia. The BBC is not responsible for the content of any external sites It took part in the battle for the River Sangro between 19 November and 3 December 1943. believe our eyes to find that these refugees were now packed like sardines I found your web site most interesting. 12,411 British, and Commonwealth, Free French and French colonial, Polish, and Brazilian troops, Italian Service Unit members, and Jewish Brigade volunteers from Palestine (who served under British command) killed 54,700 Italian partisans killed (44,720 Italian partisans in combat, 9,980 in Axis reprisals) Of course I was able to fit some time in at home, and the dinner itself, held at the Connaught Rooms in Holborn, with Winston Churchill in attendance, was quite an experience. "Opicina" soon She also worked in Trieste - in San Sabba, Opincina and Gesuiti. On 19 October the same year I struck lucky in what must have been a regimental ballot. Back to search Royal Army Medical Corps Muniments Collection 46 Infantry Division (1943-45) Major General Terence S. Airey was the first Zone Commander and Military Governor, followed by Major General Sir T.J.W. [14], Once across the Senio, the assault divisions were to advance to cross the Santerno. 56 Infantry Division (1943-45) A TB epidemic had broken out at about that time, and representatives from the World Health Organization (WHO) came to monitor the situation, and report on its containment. From 9 April 1945 until the end of Operation Grapeshot, thus casualties exclude those suffered during the preliminary operations. Olga, I would appreciate It took part in the Second Battle for Cassino and then the advance up the Liri Valley (Cassino III). We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. research. A Capital of Science. I could either go on a skiing holiday at Cortina, or take a course as a technical storeman. We could hardly History Origins. When he finally made it back to civilian life he achieved very high ranking both for MGM and later for Fox, and we were to stay firm friends right up to his untimely death in 1993. [8] The attack in the Lombard Plain by the 15th Allied Army Group started on April 6, 1945 and ended on May 2 with the surrender of German forces in Italy. For quick pointersTuesday to Saturday The record series listed do not necessarily contain material exclusively on these conflicts but they are amongst the most comprehensive sources. WO 264. Scores of accused fascists were paraded daily by the Partisans through the cobblestone streets to Yugoslav military courts. city (Trieste) snapshots that I have found in my research is the following On the right of the river's salient was 8th Indian Infantry Division, reprising the role they played crossing the Rapido in the final Battle of Monte Cassino. The Portal for Public History. Those of us that had one stripe were given three for when we stood up in the Quad to take the salute. When Tito broke with the Soviet Union in 1948 the Western allies, no longer wishing to antagonize Belgrade, did not press the Yugoslavs about the killings. On April 27, General Gnther Meinhold surrendered his 14,000 troops to the partisans in Genoa. The Regimental Association was about to hold its first post-war reunion, and as Winston Churchill was the honorary colonel the affair had to be done in style. Do you know if the Annex was a separate area Just by chance at that time, I was given a choice of two options. While we were stationed here I got my first leave home back to England, briefly touched on in my story My Welcome Home. Lieutenant General Lucian Truscott, the commander of the U.S. VI Corps from the Battle of Anzio and the capture of Rome to Alsace, landed in the South of France during Operation Dragoon and returned to Italy to assume command of the Fifth Army. v3.0, except where otherwise stated, 2. Italy will become the third nation to begin flying the fifth-generation aircraft from an aircraft carrier. It emerged that Kesselring had his authority as Commander of the West extended to include Italy and had replaced Vietinghoff with General Friedrich Schulz from Army Group G on hearing of the plans. [5][4], As of 9 April, the Axis in Italy had 21 much weaker German divisions and four Italian National Republican Army (ENR) divisions, with about 349,000 German and 45,000 Italian troops. The Allied forward formations spent the rest of the winter of 1944 in inhospitable conditions while preparations were being made for a spring offensive in 1945. We settled down at Villa Opicina and Eddy Patman took over the job of running the canteen. The Chinese are said to have a curse that goes ' You should be born in interesting times '.I think I can safely own to an extensive wartime experience! [23] Turin was also liberated by partisan forces on April 25, after five days of fighting. But Croatia and Slovenia have recently agreed to pay their share of Yugoslavia's restitution for lost Italian property. The 4th Indian Infantry Division had been sent to Greece and the British 4th Infantry Division had followed them in November along with the 139th Brigade of the British 46th Infantry Division. Lieutenant general Max-Josef Pemsel, Chief of General Staff of the Army Liguria, consisting of three German and three Italian divisions, followed Graziani's orders and declared in a broadcast message: "I confirm without reserve the words of my Commander, Marshal Graziani. Some further concentration camp victims had arrived in the area and had heard of the service that was taking place. [23] On all fronts, the German defense continued to be strong and effective, but Bondeno was captured on April 23. The Italian right wing, which says that 20,000 Italians were killed here -- a figure most scholars dismiss as greatly exaggerated -- is reluctant to see any exhumations that might deflate its figures. But there is a new move, led by Giuseppe Pititto, a prosecutor in Rome, to charge three former Partisan officials who live in Croatia. The Cavour entered the Chesapeake Bay on February 13 and docked at Norfolk, Virginia,. The spring 1945 offensive in Italy, codenamed Operation Grapeshot, was the final Allied attack during the Italian Campaign in the final stages of the Second World War. For some time now my army rank had been Full Corporal, or Tech Corporal as I was known in the squadron. For almost three months I then kicked my heels until in March I was finally released to return to civilian life. were White Russians who had fled to Serbia after the 1917 Revolution. It bordered the new Italian Republic to the north, and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to the south and to the east. Thanks for a wonderful web site and if you know where I could get more info and pictures please let me know. Our mutual friend Frank Mee has just drawn my attention to the fact that Barnard Castle is (and was) in Durham and not Northumberland.

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