A car travelling at 60km/hr undergoes uniform acceleration at a rate of 2m/s until it's reach velocity of 120km/hr. the parallel that is the farthest northern location for the subsolar point during the year. E) a million years ago. They can have strong magnetic fields that create solar bursts that can cause solar storms on Earth. During their rotation, the sunspots break up, regroup, and re-form in different configurations, as well as drift across the Suns surface. C) collide. C) We do not know how to detect electron neutrinos. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a plot of. A. A magnet is an item with magnetic qualities. Sunspots are most prevalent in an 11-year cycle; the number of sunspots peaks about every 11 years. D At the time the hypothesis was suggested, what major problem was identified with the idea that the Sun was powered by gravitational contraction? (It's even "on sale"!) D (a) Dete D) radioactive elements like uranium and plutonium. What is the term for loops or sheets of glowing gas ejected from active regions on the solar surface? They are cooler because their strong magnetic fields suppress convection and prevent hotter material from flowing into them. D) They actually are fairly bright, but appear dark against the even brighter background of the surrounding photosphere. A) hydrogen compounds. How is the energy difference equalized? To estimate the central temperature of the Sun, scientists (B) Sunspots look dark because they are cooler in temperature than the surrounding regions. B) The Sun is generating much less energy than we think it is. They often occur in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity. white dwarf, black hole, neutron star, b. Most of the CFC-induced ozone destruction is occurring near the equator, rather than near the poles. C A) send probes to measure the temperature. Almost all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were made inside stars. What stops the Sun from collapsing under the force of its own, *a. . B) This process would power the Sun for only about 25 million years, but geologists already had evidence the Earth was much older than that. B) solar flares Which of the following major perturbations can occur to a close, binary Which of the following is true of the September equinox? Solar neutrinos coming from the Sun have been detected, but in fewer numbers than predicted by theoretical models. E) attract one another. ANS: The length of the sunspot cycle is 11 years. Yes, sunspots are an indication of increased activity on the Suns surface. They are distributed approximately uniformly over the Sun's surface both in position and in time. A) Contracting objects cool down rather than heat up. These dark spots, or sunspots, appear in clusters of various sizes and have a temperature that is about 1500C cooler than the suns surrounding surface. A) As the Sun was forming, nuclear fusion reactions in the shrinking clouds of gas slowly became stronger and stronger, until the Sun reached its current luminosity. d. INSTRUCTIONS:Fill B) several hundred thousand years ago. The dark spots are caused by regions of intense magnetic field, which are up to 2,500 times greater than the field of the earth. The light radiated from the Sun's surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes. E) Energy is conserved so while the gas moves up and down, there is no net transport of energy. B) The visible light comes from energy level transitions as electrons in the Sun's hydrogen atoms jump between level 1 and level 2. B. Earth's curvature, which presents varied angles to parallel solar rays. The "star" appears to move in a straight line against a, a. After observing the Earth's weather patterns and the 11-year sunspot cycle of the Sun for 36 years, scientists have found that high levels of sunspot activity precede shifts in wind patterns that affect the Earth's weather. D) 37,000 K. What is the solar wind? This means either that our models of the Sun are not completely correct or that we don't understand neutrinos as well as we thought we did. A mi padre y a m (nos-te) importan los actores de Hollywood. B ) The Sun's average surface (photosphere) temperature is about B) The magnetic polarity of the Sun reverses approximately every 11 years. D) The solar neutrino problem remains as perplexing as ever, and indeed makes everything we think we know about stars suspect. E) converting gravitational potential energy into electricity. We can apply our knowledge of how gases behave at different temperatures and densities, which is testable in laboratory environments, to make a mathematical model of the Sun. A) The number of sunspots peaks approximately every 11 years. It extends through the troposphere into the stratosphere. 6. 9. when surface temperatures are lower than warmer overlying air. Briefly describe what you will see as you descend. 3. a. True False. The borrow material that will be used to construct this fill is stiff clay. C) one thousand years ago. a. sequence Describe some of the early theories for why the Sun shines and why they are no longer accepted as viable. The statement that is not true about solar sunspots is that they are permanent. A) chemical reactions After 11 years the Sun's magnetic polarity flips again, completing the 22-year period. D) Both have approximately the same mass. The CFC molecules react with ultraviolet light to release fluorine which then destroys ozone. A) tunnels in the outer layers of the Sun that allow photons to escape and form the solar wind aims to reduce and eliminate all ozone depleting substances. In the late 1800s, Kelvin and Helmholtz suggested that the Sun stayed hot due to gravitational contraction. Satellites in low-Earth orbits are more likely to crash to Earth when the sunspot cycle is near solar maximum because As the cycle ends, it . with a precise period of 11.3 years. B) photosphere. 33. causes lung irritation, asthma, and susceptibility to respiratory illness in humans. B) The chromosphere is best observed with ultraviolet telescopes and the corona is best observed with X-ray telescopes. is itchy, painful, red, or bleeding is unusual in color Preventing sunspots You may be able to prevent sunspots on your face by limiting your exposure to UVA and UVB rays. D) It quickly meets an ordinary electron, forming an electron-positron pair that remains stable. How nuclear fusion turns hydrogen to helium b. Because they have very thin atmospheres that do not emit, continuum The region principally absorbs gamma rays, X-rays, and interacts with the solar wind. Every second, the Sun converts about 600 million tons of hydrogen into 596 million tons of helium. They are caused by intense magnetic fields that disrupt the flow of plasma, which is a superheated, electrically charged state of matter formed from the gases of the Sun. Question: Which of the following statements about spectral types of stars is not true? Daylength variations are negligible for all locations throughout the year except above the Arctic Circle. C) about a thousand trillion (D). Which of the following best describes what would happen? Sunspots are cooler than the surrounding region of the Sun's surface. You will then enter this convective layer, feeling regions of hot plasma rising upward to meet you and seeing cooler gas descending from the surface. Briefly describe the phenomena of the sunspot cycle. A) It predicted that the Sun would shrink noticeably as we watched it, but the Sun appears to be stable in size. C) 4 tons d. True False Question 24 (2 points) Which of the following is the correct order for the stages of evolution of a low-mass star, like the Sun? Another idea was that the Sun shone through chemical burning (like a conventional fire on Earth), but this was dismissed because it could not generate and sustain sufficient brightness. Which is the correct sequence for the following end-points of. A) They are too cold to emit any visible light. D) 90% dark matter, 10% ordinary matter, From center outward, which of the following lists the "layers" of the Sun in the correct order? Which of the following is true regarding acid deposition? neutron star, black hole, white dwarf, 29. D) use computer models to predict interior conditions. 1. D) The rate at which fusion occurs would decrease, leading to an expansion of the core, which would in turn cause the temperature to drop back down. Which of the following best describes the current status of our understanding of the solar neutrino problem? Earth represents a closed system in terms of matter. C) 4 H 4 He + energy. The dam has a height H = 12 m and a width W = 10 m. Assume that the density of the water is = 1000 kg/m . New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time. C B True False 3. which of the following is not true of sunspots? A. Blackbody spectrum B. D) Neutrinos have a tendency to pass through just about anything without interactions, making them very difficult to detect. B) Neutrinos are created as a by-product of the proton-proton chain. Which of the following sequences of stellar spectral classifications. B) The problem arose only because experimental data were being misinterpreted; on re-examination, the old data showed that the expected number of neutrinos were being detected. aims to reduce and eliminate all ozone depleting substances. A) The Sun generates energy by fusing small nuclei into larger ones, while our power plants generate energy by the fission (splitting) of large nuclei. C) elements in the Sun other than hydrogen and helium The Sun's core is an astonishing 29,000,000 degrees F., while the pressure is about 100 billion times the atmospheric pressure here on Earth. Select one: The spectral type of a star can be used to determine its surface temperature. A.True B.False 2.Harvesting energy from water,wind,and geothermal vents requries the use of A. aquaculture B . D C. The region principally absorbs gamma rays, X-rays, and interacts with the solar wind. A) The number of sunspots peaks approximately every 11 years. A) The chromosphere is best observed with infrared telescopes and the corona is best observed with ultraviolet telescopes. A) core, radiation zone, convection zone, corona, chromosphere, photosphere A) building mathematical models that use the laws of physics C) nuclear fission Every material is composed of microscopic components known as atoms. The presence of sunspots can indicate storms on the sun, which can release bursts of solar energy called solar flares that can interfere with communication systems and cause harm to astronauts in space. a. B) Astronomers create mathematical models that use the laws of physics, the Sun's observed composition and mass, and computers to predict internal conditions. Melt from the subducting plate rises to the surface, erupts through the . C The proton-proton chain is The top of the Earth's atmosphere is approximately. C) The Sun rotates faster at the equator. A CME erupted on Jan. 30, 2022. C) 4 H becomes 1 He + energy. They are often seen as areas of reduced brightness or black spots on the surface of the Sun. b. d. C The distance between corresponding points on any two successive waves is known as the. What is the surface temperature of the Sun? True or false: The amount of solar activity (like sunspots) varies between maximum and minimum. Write the Tollens' reagent chemical formula. Similarly if the solar core were to decrease in temperature, the nuclear fusion rate would plummet and gravity would overcome thermal pressure and contract the core. E) 4 H 1 He + energy. This inhibition of convection causes the temperature of the sunspot to reduce, making it much cooler than its surroundings. A) nuclear fission What is a possible solution to the solar neutrino problem? An astronomer plots the HR diagram of a star cluster and finds that, it C) Energy is transported outward by the rising of hot plasma and the sinking of cooler plasma. Why are neutrinos so difficult to detect? A elements toward the bottom of a group periodic table generally have higher ionization energies than elements at the top of a group. B) 5,800 K. Acid deposition is deposition that measures more than 7.0 on a pH scale. D) Sunspots are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. Sunspots can appear in groups, or clusters, and their life-cycle can last from days to weeks to months. Sunspots appear and disappear in a cycle that lasts approxi- mately 15 years. The energy requirements are much larger than chemical reactions (i.e., fire) so this was then ruled out. B c. These heated the interior enough to allow gravitational contraction and nuclear fusion to occur. its original magnitude. b) Determine how many trucks will be required to complete the job. D) The cycle is truly a cycle of magnetic activity, and variations in the number of sunspots are only one manifestation of the cycle. As you approach the Sun, you will enter the corona, an extremely hot layer of gas, but so low in density that you won't really feel how hot it is. B We can learn about the densities and other characteristics of the various layers within the Sun by studying how the waves propagate throughout the Sun. to force it to move in an orbit. It occurs in large amounts in the atmosphere relative to other gases, such as nitrogen and oxygen. The most likely places where stars and planetary systems are forming. Detailed calculations show th at the value of, for the outermost electrons in Si and Cl atoms is 4.29+ and 6.12+, respectively. Because of the electromagnetic force, the two protons will Because they are cooler, they emit less thermal radiation per unit area and therefore look dark in contrast to brighter surrounding regions. D) The core would heat up, fusion rates would increase, and the core would re-expand. A) the Sun vibrates only on the surface. Sunspot activity is often observed and studied to gain important data about the Suns atmosphere and the local magnetic environment of the Solar system. D) because they rarely interact with matter Suppose that, for some unknown reason, the core of the Sun suddenly became hotter. a verification of the Doppler equation for wavelength shift of. b. A) The number of sunspots peaks approximately every 11 years. B) Energy is produced in the convection zone by nuclear fusion. D 31)Option - C is . D 3. C) 10,000 years D) the winding of magnetic field lines due to differential rotation Sunspots can have dramatic effects on the Earths space environment, including the generation of coronal mass ejections, solar flares, and other space weather phenomena. E) The Sun does not emit neutrinos. What is shown by the small-scale changes in the shading in the figure above? C) We have learned that the Sun's interior undergoes fusion at a lower rate than we had expected, and that is why we had observed fewer neutrinos than expected. D) They all occur only in the Sun's photosphere. B Over time, solar activityand the number of sunspotsincreases. E) neutrinos from the solar core reach the solar surface easily. 1.A. Briefly explain how the Sun became hot enough for nuclear fusion. Which of the following is true of the Sun's electromagnetic spectrum? 28. What is the typical length of time between sunspot minimums and sunspot maximum; that is, what is the typical length of the "sunspot cycle"? Line spectra C. Light from sunspots D. The star's magnetic field c. Hundreds of lakes are incapable of supporting life due to high acidity. What do we mean when we say that the Sun is in gravitational equilibrium? What is granulation in the Sun? C) radiation and elements like carbon and nitrogen. Why is it important to understand the Sun in order to understand the Earth's radiation belts and space weather? Sunspots are the phenomena that occur in the photosphere of the sun that looks like dark spot than the rest of the sun's surface. Galileo turned his gaze toward Venus, the brightest celestial object in the sky - other than the Sun and the Moon. A) Early experiments designed to detect solar neutrinos found them, but in fewer numbers than had been expected. causes lung irritation, asthma, and susceptibility to respiratory illness in humans. A) 4 billion years Today, it far exceeds its natural range of 180 to 300 ppm. A) Energy is produced in the convection zone by thermal radiation. an irregular cycle averaging about 11 years, but sometimes, c. A) several thousand years ago. C) Not all fusion reactions create neutrinos. a measurement of the composition (abundances of elements) inside. C) hotter and denser than the surface. C) The Earth's natural magnetic field already offers excellent protection against the onslaught of solar neutrinos. Question Which of the following apply to Quasars? Earth represents an open system in terms of energy. D) Neutrinos rarely, if ever, interact with your computer. A. D) structure within sunspots. No lakes or streams have been damaged by acid precipitation. Sunspots are dark patches that appear on the Suns surface as a result of powerful magnetic activity. E) all of the above. Which of the following is currently a big mystery to solar physicists? the movement of sunspots on the sun's surface. They are cooler than their This problem has been solved! D) Individual protons are joined into long chains of protons. B) The Sun's mass is about 30 times the mass of Earth. Which of the following statements is NOT true for sunspots? A) about 1023 an elusive, subatomic particle having little or no mass, and. sufficient to halt the collapse. C) The hydrogen gas in the Sun is balanced so that it never rises upward or falls downward. D) nuclear fusion. C) The number of solar flares peaks about every 11 years. Which of the following is not true of sunspots? The fundamental nuclear reaction occurring in the core of the Sun is C They vary in number on an 11 year cycle. from The statement "Sunspots are brighter than the rest of the sun's surface" is false. D) a stream of charged particles flowing outward from the surface of the Sun. B) remain stationary. While the atmosphere exerts pressure, it is a negligible amount. Which of the following statements is not true about the planets so far discovered around other stars? Which of the following is characterized by the longest wavelengths, 12. C B. ionization energy is the amount of energy used to add an electron to an atom. 1. Here's a detailed explanation for each option: E) Sunspots can produce flares and prominences. B. ionization energy is the amount of energy used to add an electron to an atom. Main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf: Main sequence, planetary nebula, red giant, white dwarf. A) the Sun vibrates only on the surface. D) Nothing; this is an artist's rendering of the sun. What two physical processes balance each other to create the condition known as gravitational equilibrium in stars? C. The depletion is restricted to the arctic and antarctic regions. Iron nuclei are so large that they occupy all remaining space and, c. What voltage will he encounter on the input side of the transformer? A) They have a tendency to pass through just about any material without any interactions. C) our mathematical models of the solar interior are fairly accurate. They have relatively lower temperatures than the brighter, background photosphere. D) We are seeing hot gas rising and cool gas falling due to the convection that occurs beneath the surface. a somewhat irregular but always present cycle of build-up and, d. contains hot B-type stars on the main sequence and cooler G- and, K-type Which of the following statements about solar sunspots is NOT true? 4) What two forces are balanced in what we call gravitational equilibrium? D) Not all fusion reactions create electron neutrinos. C) monitor changes in Earth's atmosphere. Which statement best describes what was called the solar neutrino problem? A) they are regions where convection carries cooler material downward. B stratus cirrus altocumulus cumulus nimbostratus 27) Which of the following is false regarding air masses? A correlated equilibria) and extrinsic uncertainty in market economies (e.g. aims to reduce and eliminate all ozone depleting substances. The sun's photosphere is about 300 miles (500. C) 600 tons B) because they have no mass Based on its surface temperature of 5,800 K, what color are most of the photons that leave the Sun's surface? This, process E) join together to form a nucleus. the answer sheet into the test packet and turn both in. 5) Which of the following statements about the sunspot cycle isnottrue? D) The electron neutrinos created in the Sun's core change into another type of neutrino that we did not detect. Solar flares are a sudden explosion of energy caused by tangling, crossing or reorganizing of magnetic field lines near sunspots. 480 km (300 mi) above the Earth's surface. of energy generation within its core in which gravitational, collapse D) Coronal mass ejections and other activity associated with the sunspot cycle can disrupt radio communications and knock out sensitive electronic equipment. The number of sunspots has been historically linked to the 11-year sunspot cycle, where sunspots peak in intensity approximately every 11 years. However, the energy of this light was released by fusion in the Sun's core about Galileo's Daughter: A Historical Memoir of Science, Faith, and Love is a book by Dava Sobel published in 1999. Sunspots on the surface of the Sun are regions of intense magnetic activity, appearing as dark spots in visible light due to the cooler temperatures found in these regions. D) The convection zone is the source of ultraviolet light, and the upper photosphere is the source of X rays. C in the reaction, and the energy adds mass by E = mc2. b. d. The specific type of fusion that occurs inside of the Sun is known as proton-proton fusion. They are cooler than the surrounding photosphere of the Sun. (b) Why does the thickness of the dam increase with depth. The "star" appears to wiggle in its path across our sky against, *d. They increase and decrease in number, relatively regularly. E) any temperature, as long as gravity is strong enough. A) by looking for the splitting of spectral lines in the Sun's spectrum C. Day length varies more at the equator than at higher latitudes. E) all of the above. Earth represents a vast integrated system. more sunspots indicate increased solar radiation. A) photosphere a measurement of the surface temperatures of stars. Sunspots occur in a regular cycle, with the number of sunspots occurring in any given year peaking and waning. Glacial moraines show when and where previous episodes of glaciation occurred. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about sunspots? Sunspots are really darker than the surrounding photosphere, and thus appear as black spots on the sun's surface. is B) the gravitational force You can do this by:. While the early part of the sunspot record before 1800 is still characterized by large uncertainties due to poorly observed periods, the more recent sunspot numbers are mainly affected by three . About six times as many neutrinos are observed than expected from, c. Despite their dark appearance, sunspots do not detract from the amount of energy being produced by the sun, meaning that they do not have an effect on the Earths temperature. Why does the surface of the Sun appear to have a sharp edge? D) They are tiny black holes, absorbing all light that hits them. impossible, because one cannot have cool stars above the main. Sunspots are cooler than the surrounding solar surface because A) It slowly works its way to the Sun's surface, where it escapes into space. It was imaged by the SOHO Observatory. A. Question 4 options: They are holes where we can see into the the interior of the Sun. The first step was measuring the distance to the Sun which then allowed us to calculate how luminous it is and therefore how much energy is needed to power it. The photosphere is relatively thin compared to the other atmospheric regions. During this time, the number of spots can vary from a few to hundreds at a time. A) remain stationary. The cycle then repeats for another 11 years with the magnetic poles of the Sun flipped. a. B) gravitational contraction. A protostar of about 1 solar mass is gradually contracting and, becoming B) nuclear fusion The lifetimes of stars are too long to measure, so it is not. structure, origin, temperature. B) areas of the corona where magnetic field lines project into space, allowing charged particles to escape the Sun, becoming part of the solar wind Finally, we can test our knowledge of nuclear physics and the fusion process in the core using observations of solar neutrinos. The Sun's rate of fusion is gradually increasing over time. convective motion of gases in the upper portion of the Sun's, 24. According to modern science, approximately how old is the Sun? B Re-insert C) It has played a role throughout the Sun's history, but it was most important right after nuclear fusion began in the Sun's core. A) Solar flares create neutrinos with magnetic fields. 30. Sunspots are typically more common in higher latitudes of the Sun and will appear as dark, round patches. b. D . Neutrinos from the core collide with gas atoms and prevent them, c. C) the Sun consists of gas in which many or most of the atoms are ionized (missing electrons). C) The rate of nuclear fusion in the Sun peaks about every 11 years. A) regions on the photosphere where magnetic lines poke through, creating the cooler areas of the sunspots D. They are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. How much mass does the Sun lose through nuclear fusion per second? 2.A 3.D 4.C 1.Is the following statement true or false?Solar panels collect energy from the sun that can then power a lamp in a home. E. The circle of illumination passes through both poles. , its "bank" condition, the borrow material has a moist unit weight of 129pcf, a water content of, 16.5% and an in place void ratio of 0.620. GEOG 1112 - Chapter 3: (Questions)Earth's Atm, GEOG 1112k- Chapter 9: Climate Classification. C D. Air pressure at sea level is approximately 1013.2 mb. Which of the following is NOT true about the differences between vector data model and, 26) Which of the following is a high-altitude cloud? With his observations of the phases of Venus, Galileo was able to figure out that the planet orbits the Sun, not the Earth as was the common belief in his time. This low density in turn causes the Suns energy to be absorbed unevenly, creating areas on the surface that are cooler than their surroundings. Wayne didn't need a degree in _____ to know that the living version of the beast whose bones he discovered was _____ by human standards of beauty. 10. D) Energy is consumed in the convection zone by the creation of electrons and positrons. producing excess energy and therefore will not produce the. the poles to the equator of the Sun over an 11-year period. C. The subsolar point is at the Tropic of Cancer (23.5 N). 16. Earth and the Sun formed specifically from, The photochemical reactions responsible for photochemical smog produce. All latitudes on Earth, except the Equator, experience unequal daylengths. B D) No one understood how it could be possible for neutrinos to be produced in the Sun. Which of the following is not true of sunspots? While the atmosphere exerts pressure, it is a negligible amount. When is/was gravitational contraction an important energy generation mechanism for the Sun? They usually appear in groups in pairs, or in clusters called active regions, and can last anywhere from days to months. It increases to 2 times C) a hundred years ago. Humans have not sent a spacecraft into the interior of the Sun to confirm any models of the interior. a measurement of the masses of stars. Which of the following statements about the sunspot cycle is not true? The corona is even shaped differently, streaming more from the sides of the Sun instead of forming a more spherical shape around the Sun, as when the magnetic field is weaker. unevenly mixed gases that act independently. Sunspots are generally cooler than the surrounding photosphere because they are formed from regions of disrupted plasma flow. 5. We can measure the luminosity that the Sun is producing and therefore determine how much fusion must be going on in its core. stars noticeably above the main sequence. E) none of the above. E) It joins with a nearby neutron to form a proton. E) We have no evidence, just informed guesses. then Our Sun will end its life by becoming. A) They are too cold to emit any visible light. As the core contracts, it heats up and the core returns to its normal operating temperature. D) gravitational contraction sunspots are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. It is true. Large, dark sunspots can persist on the Suns face for periods of days or weeks, though smaller ones tend to appear and vanish much faster. B) The churning gas is being stirred up by the strong solar wind. Which of the following is not true regards to Earth as system? The intricate patterns visible in an X-ray image of the Sun generally show Sunspots are dark, cooler areas of the solar surface that appear darker when compared to the rest of the surface due to the intense magnetic fields surrounding them. Sunspots can last for a few days, weeks, or sometimes even months, depending on their size. by theoretical models of the Sun. Sunspots are often associated with large eruptions on the suns surface known as solar flares. In 1848, Swiss astronomer Rudolf Wolf used Schwabe and others' results, as well as performing his own observations, to calculate the 11-year cycle and a mathematical method to count the number of. B) the Sun is made of atoms and molecules. B) hydrogen compounds such as methane. C) core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona in the rarified space between galaxies. The sun emits radiant energy composed of, 11. Which layer of the Sun do we normally see? 1). Which of the following is TRUE?

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