Map Store - Download High-Res Maps and Images, 2023, Bible History | All rights reserved, Bibliography Resources on the Old Testament, Jeroboam II to Hoshea (Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz), to the Jews Before and During the Captivity. Promises not already fulfilled to literal Israel either would never be fulfilled at all or would be fulfilled to the Christian church as spiritual Israel. For example, the judgment that came upon Sodom and Gomorrah, literal cities of the ancient past, is used by Bible writers as descriptive of the judgment God will eventually bring upon all the world. Most of them are mentioned in the Bible, in either the prophetic or the historical books. His call came to him sometime in October/November, 520 B.C., in the same year as Haggais first appearance (chapter 1:1). They forgot that God abhors a multiplication of the forms of religion (Isaiah 1:11-18; Hosea 6:6; Micah 6:7; Malachi 2:13), and asks of man nothing but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with his God (Micah 6:8; cf. Since the hostile acts of the heathen peoples committed against Judah (chapter 3:4 ff.) Its messages show that it was written after the time of the kingdom of Judah, when a governor ruled over the country (chapter 1:8), a fact that points to the Persian period. One challenging point in history is the divided kingdoms of Israel (the 10 northern tribes) and Judah (the 2 southern tribes). The prophets thus provided a firm foundation for the faith of the apostolic church and made a direct and vital contribution to the Christian faith. In Babylon: prophecy of Ezekiel, Return to the land under Persian rule, and writings of Ezra-Nehemiah Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited other than the following: You may print or download to a local hard disk extracts for your personal use only. This Upper Egyptian capital city, better known by its Greek name Thebes, was destroyed by King Ashurbanipal in 663 B.C., a date that provides the upper time limit of Nahums prophecy. ). The 7th-century view.This view holds that Joels ministry seems to fit into the early years of Josiah, when Assyrian power was nearing its end and Babylon was still a weak kingdom. Superior intellect. Jer 2 - 6 2, 3God sends Jeremiah to Jerusalem to give a series of messages to the people of Judah. Prophecies that fall into the latter classification are to be fulfilled in principle but not necessarily in every detail, owing to the fact that many details of prophecy were concerned with Israel as a literal nation situated in the land of Palestine. endobj When Manasseh came to the throne as sole ruler upon his fathers death, approximately in 686, he lost little time in removing the faithful seer. Micah's prophecy was likely directed toward both Judah and Israel. We use cookies to let us know when you visit our websites, how you interact with us, to enrich your user experience, and to customize your relationship with our website. Elijah claimed that there was no reality except the God of Israel, stressing monotheism to the people with possibly unprecedented emphasis. They grasped at the material blessings so generously offered them, but refused the spiritual graces that would have transformed their lives and fitted them to be His representatives. Candid bible. Daniel was taken to Babylon in 605 B.C., during the accession year of Nebuchadnezzar (see on chapter 1:1). The book of Haggai contains four addresses, each bearing a precise date giving the day, month, and year of Darius reign. Deuteronomy 18 - "And if you say in your heart, 'How shall we know the word which the LORD has not spoken?' These observations seem to place Zephaniah in the early years of Josiahs reign, perhaps about 630 B.C., as a contemporary of Habakkuk. Note by whom it was spoken, to whom it was addressed, and the circumstances that called it forth. 4:14; Colossians 2:2-4, 8; 2 Peter 1:16; Revelation 22:18). Similarly, the ways in which God dealt with men in crises of the past are often cited as examples of the manner in which He will deal with all the world in the last day (see on Deuteronomy 18:15). Discover what the message meant to the people of that time. In fact, this procedure is responsible more than anything else for the fanciful interpretations that distinguish the teachings of certain religious groups. All rights reserved. Its people were given no promise of complete restoration to their former power in Palestine. Many messages and prophecies can be understood correctly only if seen against the background of the time in which the prophets ministered and in the light of the events that happened during their lives. What makes it challenging when reading straight through the Bible [in chronological order] is that the history is covered in 1 and 2 Kings and then again in 1 and 2 Chronicles. Eventually, however, it became apparent that the Jews would never measure up to the standard God required of them, as Malachi makes evident (chapters 1:6, 12; 2:2, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17; 3:7, 13, 14). Four eminent Hebrew prophets addressed themselves to the people of Israel and Judah in the latter half of the 8th pre-Christian century: Amos, Hosea, Micah, and Isaiah. His early ministry seems to have coincided with the last years of King Uzziahs reign (see Introduction to Isaiah), but his official call to the office of a prophet came in 740/39, the last year of King Uzziah (chapter 6:1). Large Map of Israel in the First Century - Click around on the Cities. He quotes Hosea 2:23. The table down shows where in time the . In an age when every wind of doctrine is blowing it is well to make certain that our understanding of Bible prophecy rests upon a positive Thus saith the Lord (see Deuteronomy 29:29; Isaiah 50:11; Jeremiah 2:13; Matthew 7:24-28; 1 Corinthians 2:4, 5, 12, 13; Eph. This ties together all the other material: consult the separate tables The prophet Jonah was a Galilean from Gath-hepher. The Kings of Israel & Judah Why Study the Kings? Those in Israel who put forth their best efforts to cooperate with the revealed will of God realized, personally, a measure of the benefits He had promised. Though the prophet looked at events about him, he also could see far beyond his own day. In a mysterious way known only to God the prophets words were sometimes intended to meet their fulfillment in the then far-distant future. who were active at that time. Any idea that the return of the Jews to their ancestral home, that is, to the new state of Israel, may in any way be related to Bible prophecy is without valid scriptural foundation. They eagerly sought the power of His kingdom, but were unwilling to be guided by its principles. However, that earthquake must have been very severe, for the memory of it was still fresh in the minds of people who lived 250 years later, as Zechariah 14:5 shows. 3. Peter concurs, saying, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons, for in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him (Acts 10:34, 35; cf. This leaves Ezekiel with a ministry of at least 22 years, from 593/92 to 571/70. It should be remembered that God does not force the human will, and that Israels cooperation was essential to the success of His plan for the nation. Thus, for more than 1,500 years, a great experiment designed to test the relative merits of good and evil was conducted before the world. As the people cooperated with the directions God gave them in regard to the culture of the soil, the land would gradually be restored to Edenic fertility and beauty (Isaiah 51:3). They voluntarily accepted God as their sovereign, and this constituted the nation a theocracy. c.1050-c.930 BC From King Saul to the prophet Samuel and young King David and his royal dynasty through Solomon. Image by chapter 11:18). Blogger Grid member Craig T. Owens (@craigtowens) created the helpful chart below delineating the Old Testament prophets and kings of Israel and Judah and has now updated it: [Sign up to receive in your inbox a free daily reading of the Old & New Testament from Bible Gateway]. Cooperation with the natural laws of body and mind would result in ever-increasing mental strength, and the people of Israel would be blessed with vigor of intellect, keen discrimination, and sound judgment. The Prophets The Dates Bible History Kings and Events Prophets of Israel Jonah 810-790 BC 2 Kings 13-14 Jehoash, Jeroboam II (Amaziah) Joel 790-760 BC 2 Kings 11-15 Uzziah Amos 780-760 BC 2 Kings 14-15 Jeroboam II (Uzziah) Hosea 785-725 BC 2 Kings 15-18 Jeroboam II to Hoshea (Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz) Isaiah 750-695 BC 2 [] Amos presents himself to his readers as a herdsman and a gatherer of sycomore fruit (chapters 1:1; 7:14). Chart of Israel's Kings and Prophets NOTES: Dates in {brackets} indicate a period of co-regency with the prior king (s). If you refuse cookies we will remove all set cookies in our domain. All this leads to the conclusion that Micah prophesied from about 740 to about 700 B.C. This chart includes only the major prophetic figures of the Old Testament period. You always can block or delete cookies by changing your browser settings and force blocking all cookies on this website. All dates are given according to the Common Era, not the Hebrew calendar. However, there is also no reference made to Persia, which would be expected if the book was of so late a date. He has a controversy with them because they have rebelled against His authority (Jeremiah 25:31-33), and He will judge (Joel 3:9-17) and destroy them there (Isaiah 34:1-8; 63:1-6; 66:15-18). Contributors: Alice Mathews Adopted by the Theology of Work Project Board December 9, 2010. Numbers 14:26-34. We shall be protected against the grossly literal explanation of some expositors concerning the return of literal Israel to literal Palestine to rule the world for a thousand years prior to the close of human probation, and also against other equally unscriptural interpretations that propose to apply allegorically to the church all the details of the promises originally made to literal Israel. The covenant with literal Israel proved faulty, not because God failed to carry out His part of the covenant, but rather because Israels fair promises proved evanescent as the morning dew (Hosea 6:4; 13:3; Hebrews 8:6, 7). Thus it was also with Samuel, Elijah, John the Baptist (see on Matthew 3:4), John the Beloved (see on Mark 3:17), and many others. Joshua and Judges spoke of the history just after the time of Moses. Hence, he seems to have labored at a time before Assyria played a role in Palestinian affairs. Finally, it was demonstrated before the universe that, apart from God, humanity could not be uplifted, and that a new element of life and power must be imparted by Him who made the world. Check to enable permanent hiding of message bar and refuse all cookies if you do not opt in. The completeness and finality of this rejection is evident from chapter 8:19, 20: As the nations which the Lord destroyeth before your face, so shall ye perish; because ye would not be obedient unto the voice of the Lord your God. The rejection of Jesus by the leaders of Israel (cf. Joel is not displayed as the dates are uncertain and estimates range from the 9th to the 4th centuries b.c. 3 0 obj God was to be glorified in Israel (Isaiah 49:3) and its people were to be His witnesses (chapters 43:10; 44:8), to reveal to men the principles of His kingdom. The various abuses rebuked by Malachi are mostly the same as those Nehemiah found when he returned to Jerusalem for his second term of governorship (Malachi 3:8, 9; cf. Beholding Israels righteousness (Isaiah 62:1, 2), the Gentiles would acknowledge them, that they are the seed which the Lord hath blessed (Isaiah 61:9, 10; cf. A comparison between some of his prophecies and those of Amos indicates that Hosea was a younger contemporary of Amos (cf. Thus it had been with Enoch (Genesis 5:24), Abraham (chapter 26:5), and Joseph (chapter 39:2-6). We provide you with a list of stored cookies on your computer in our domain so you can check what we stored. Click to enable/disable Google Analytics tracking. Yet many of the promises, particularly those concerning the giving of the gospel to the nations and the establishment of the Messianic kingdom, could not be fulfilled to them because of their unfaithfulness, but would be fulfilled to the church on earth preparatory to Christs return, particularly to Gods remnant people, and in the new earth. This division, though tragic, served to insulate, for a time, the southern kingdom, Judah, from the tide of idolatry that soon engulfed the northern kingdom, Israel (see Hosea 4:17). Blog / Chart of Israel's and Judah's Kings and Prophets August 11, 2014 Chart of Israel's and Judah's Kings and Prophets Jonathan Petersen Blogger Grid member Craig T. Owens ( @craigtowens) has created the helpful chart below delineating the Old Testament prophets and kings of Israel and Judah: [ See the updated version of this chart] Owens says: THE EXILE c.585-c.457 BC We may request cookies to be set on your device. No chronological data are given, but the prophet speaks of the fall of No (chapter 3:8) as an event of the past. Isaiah 2:2-4). The futurist school ignores both the conditional element pervading predictive prophecy, clearly and emphatically proclaimed by the prophets themselves, and the specific statements of the New Testament that affirm that the privileges and responsibilities of ancient Israel have, in Christ, been transferred to the church. Had Jerusalem known what it was her privilege to know, and heeded the light that Heaven sent her, she would have stood forth in magnificent prosperity, the queen of kingdoms, the mighty metropolis of the earth, and would, like a noble vine, have filled the face of the world with fruit (Isaiah 27:6). %PDF-1.5 Unfortunately, Nehemiahs second term as governor cannot be dated, which fact makes it also somewhat difficult to date Malachi. Seventh-day Adventists believe that, generally speaking, the promises and predictions given through the Old Testament prophets originally applied to literal Israel and were to have been fulfilled to them on the condition that they obey God and remain loyal to Him. God entered into solemn covenant relationship with him (Genesis 15:18; 17:2-7), and his posterity, Israel, inherited the sacred trust of being Gods chosen representatives on earth (Hebrews 11:9) for the salvation of the entire human race. A closer dating is impossible in spite of the statement that his first divine message came to him two years before the earthquake (chapter 1:1), because the date of this event is unknown. The Temple was apparently rebuilt, and sacrifices were regularly offered at the time of the prophets activity (chapter 1:7-10). Blessings if they followed the LORD and curses if they forsook him. ***The Scripture references provided are those that help estimate the time periods of each prophets ministry. Most of them left chronological data by which the duration of their ministry can be determined, at least approximately. The modernist school of interpretation denies the predictive element in prophecy altogether, arguing either that the predictions were written down after the events thus foretold took place or that such predictions reflected nothing more than the prophets hopes for the future, or those of his people. Where the Bible text summarizes a king's reign -- - - Partial years were sometimes counted as full years. It was their unwillingness to submit to the restrictions and requirements of God that prevented them, to a great extent, from reaching the high standard which He desired them to attain, and from receiving the blessings which He was ready to bestow upon them. }[~-?)\ For these reasons the 7th-century date for Joel has been adopted in this commentary, although there is no conclusive proof that this choice is correct. Nehemiah 13:23-27). Again and again He had warned His people that captivity would be the result of disobedience (see Deuteronomy 4:9; 8:9; 28:1, 2, 14, 18; Jeremiah 18:7-10; 26:2-16; Zechariah 6:15; etc.). View Full Article Table of Contents Who Were the Prophets? Furthermore, it should be remembered that the Messiah, after the flesh, was a Jew, that the charter members of the Christian church were all Jews, and that Christianity grew out of Judaism. The Temple is mentioned as still existing (chapter 2:20), which shows that the book was written before Nebuchadnezzars destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. This is a timeline of the development of prophecy among the Jews in Judaism. seem to refer to those recorded in 2 Kings 8:20-22 and 2 Chronicles 21:8-10, 16, while nothing points to the troubles caused by Hazael, as narrated in 2 Kings 12:17, 18 and 2 Chronicles 24:23, 24, it has been concluded that Joel gave his messages during the time lying between these two events. The postexilic view.The absence of any reference to a king of Judah or to Assyria or Babylon, the reference to the hostility of Tyre and Sidon, and the mention of Greeks have been taken by some commentators as evidence for a postexilic date for Joel. Indeed, this secondary application is for us today the more significant. Higher than the highest human thought can reach is Gods ideal for His children. Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns on Kings of Judah and Israel This tabular displays and reigns of either of to Kings of Judah and Israel, together with the daten and lengths of the ruler, and the prophets who where active at that time. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Accordingly, the book can probably be dated about 425 B.C. ), those pointing forward to the eternal rest in Canaan (Isaiah 11:6-9; 35; 65:17-25; 66:20-23; Jeremiah 17:25; Ezekiel 37; 40-48; Zechariah 2:6-12; 14:4-11), and those promising deliverance from her enemies (Isaiah 2:10-21; 24-26; Ezekiel 38; 39; Joel 3; Zephaniah 1; 2; Zechariah 9:9-17; 10-14; etc. Log in, Chart of Old Testament Prophets and Kings, timeline of Old Testament prophets and kings, David, great goodness and great sins, yet always a man after Gods own heart, Samuel and Saul, the importance of listening to God & how to do it, Judges & Ruth, My Way or Gods Way, how to live the best way, How to Correctly Understand & Apply Bible Stories & Biblical Narratives, The Book of Joshua, 9 Lessons on how to fight and win in the battles of life, Chart of Old Testament Prophets and Kingswhere they fit in history, NEW for 2023 Reading Schedules through the Bible in Chronological Historical order, plus free journaling pages, Intro & Overview of Old Testament Prophets, little understood, incredibly important, Joshua: How to fight and win in the battles of life, Deuteronomy: Gods love and how we should live in response. 1 0 obj Continuing faithfully under the following three kings, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah (chapter 1:1), he seems to have been fiercely hated by Manasseh, Hezekiahs wicked son. We need 2 cookies to store this setting. Just because someone was mentioned in scripture, it does not mean they were a prophet, per se. But to go beyond that which is clearly set forth by Inspirationin the immediate context of the passage concerned, in the New Testament, or in the Spirit of prophecyis to substitute personal opinion for a plain Thus saith the Lord. Where Inspiration has not thus clearly spoken it is our privilege to compare scripture with scripture in an endeavor to understand more perfectly the mind of the Spirit. It is true, he says, that national Israel stumbled at the stumblingstone, Jesus Christ (Romans 9:32, 33; 11:11; cf. Every resource on our site was made possible through the financial support of people like you. It is an undeniable historical fact that, to this day, the majority of these predictions have not been fulfilled. You are free to opt out any time or opt in for other cookies to get a better experience. Some prophets overlap, lived in different areas, or the chronology cannot be estimated with any accuracy. They were to show forth His praise (chapter 43:21), to declare His glory among the heathen (chapter 66:19), to be a light to the Gentiles (chapters 49:6; 42:6, 7). Spiritual prosperity was to prepare the way for material prosperity. Daniel 5:25-28; Matthew 21:40-43; 22:3-10; Luke 14:24). You are here: Home 1 / Timelines 2 / Chronology of the Prophets See also the Chronology of the Latter Prophets and the Intertestamental Period. Deported to Babylon, they were to learn in adversity the lessons they had failed to learn during times of prosperity (Jeremiah 25:5-7; 29:18, 19; 30:11-14; 46:28; Ezekiel 20:25-38; Micah 4:10-12), and to impart to the heathen Babylonians a knowledge of the true God. Also note that during this time the prophets Jeremiah & Ezekiel were active. The older generation place him in the 9th century B.C., whereas most commentators are now inclined to assign him either to the time of King Josiah or to the postexilic period. See also Jewish history which includes links to individual country histories. First Century Israel Map - Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns of Kings of Judah and Israel Timeline: Prophets in the Reigns of Kings of Judah and Israel This tables shows the reigns of each of the Kings of Judah and Israel, together with the dates and lengths of the reigns, and the prophets who were active at that time. As he was escaping on a ship bound for Tarshish a great storm arose. Click to enable/disable Google reCaptcha. The plan itself never changes because God never changes. Then Gabriel came to reassure him of the restoration of his people and the eventual coming of the Messiah (verses 24, 25). The establishment of the Hebrew monarchy did not affect the basic principles of the theocracy (Deuteronomy 17:14-20; 1 Samuel 8:7). 1 Peter 2:6-8; 1 Corinthians 1:23) but this need not mean that they are to fallGod forbid, he exclaims (Romans 11:1, 22). The number who returned upon the decree of 537 B.C. Ezekiel 38:16, 18-23; 39:1-7). ), success must and will comethrough Israel after the spirit. These cookies are strictly necessary to provide you with services available through our website and to use some of its features. With Him there is no variableness, neither shadow of turning (James 1:17). But it was not until his 3rd year in captivity, the 2nd year of Nebuchadnezzar, that young Daniel gave the first proofs of his prophetic calling (chapters 1:5, 17; 2:1, 19). Nehemiah 13:10-12; Malachi 2:11-16; cf. They looked for Messiah to reign as a temporal prince (cf. However, it is possible that some of his undated prophecies were given at a later time. Isaiah was the great forerunner of the writers. 4. Past, present, future: The nation of Israel has a timeline that was initiated when God called out Abraham to make a people for Himself. Those who think that chapter 52 was added as an inspired postscript by Jeremiahs secretary or one of his disciples, believe that he died some 20 years earlier, about 580 B.C. Click to enable/disable essential site cookies. The modernist school of interpretation bases its position on the a priori assumption that any knowledge of the future is impossible, and ignores all evidence to the contrary. Jeremiah 1:2-3; 3:6; 11:21-23; 21:1; 22:11; 24:1; 25:1-3; 25:8-12; 26:1; 27:1, etc. lOWT)`~z|&`{AO b W/zx|2u?/l|{X&u~|j0[ZvwR^+=/{w_&vJ:( Otherwise you will be prompted again when opening a new browser window or new a tab. The sanctuary became Gods dwelling place among them (see Exodus 25:8), its priests were ordained to minister before Him (Hebrews 5:1; 8:3), its services provided an object lesson of the plan of salvation and prefigured the coming of the Messiah (1 Corinthians 5:7; Colossians 2:16, 17; Hebrews 9:1-10; 10:1-12). John 4:23, 24; 2 Tim. In their meticulous attention to the letter of the law they lost sight of its spirit. In the 5th year of Jehoiachins captivity, 593/92, Ezekiel had his first vision by the river Chebar, a canal near the famous city of Nippur in lower Babylonia (chapter 1:1-3). Micah states that his ministry fell in the time of the kings Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah (chapter 1:1). An table see shows where in time the prophets fit within the northern kingdom of Israel both the southern kingdom of Judah. The kingdom was overturned (Ezekiel 21:25-32) and the people removed from the land, which had been theirs only by virtue of the covenant relationship (Hosea 9:3, 15, Micah 2:10; cf. But he will listen also for the further import the prophets words may have for later times, particularly, our time. b. Jeremiah had been chosen by God for his office before birth (chapter 1:5), and was called to be a prophet at a tender age (chapter 1:6, 7). Bible Commentary / Produced by TOW Project, 10 Key Points About Work in the Bible Every Christian Should Know, Beyond Rank and Power: What Philemon Tells Us About Leadership, Learning From the Psalms How to Pray Through Your Work, Situating the Prophets in Israels History, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. In Egypt, Jeremiah raised his voice against the idolatries the Jews practiced there (chapters 43; 44). All the visions of Daniel recorded in chapters 7-12 were received during the last years of his life, the first one (chapter 7) in Belshazzars 1st year (552 or possibly later), and the last one (chapters 10-12) in the 3rd year of Cyrus, 536/35 B.C. 3:5). Daniel 2:35). At the time of the Babylonian captivity God had specifically announced that that experience was not to mark a full end of Israel as Gods people (Jeremiah 4:27; 5:18; 46:28). Watch on. If these rules are consistently followed the resulting interpretation can be accepted with confidence. 2 0 obj Consideration is given to the role of literal Israel as Gods chosen people, to the way His plan for them was to have been accomplished, to the way in which it actually did work out, and to the eventual transfer of the privileges and responsibilities of literal Israel to spiritual Israel, that is, to the Christian church. Hence no reference to these two kingdoms was made by the prophet. After the great final call to the world to acknowledge the true God, those who persisted in refusing allegiance to Him would unite together with the evil thought of laying siege to the city of Jerusalem and taking it by force of arms, in order to appropriate to themselves the material advantages with which God had blessed His people (Ezekiel 38:8-12; Jeremiah 25:32; Joel 3:1, 12; Zechariah 12:2-9; 14:2; cf. The church in this generation has been endowed by God with great privileges and blessings, and He expects corresponding returns. As the numbers of Israel increased, they were to enlarge their borders, until their kingdom should embrace the world (cf. The gates of Jerusalem would be open continually to receive the wealth contributed to Israel for the conversion of still other nations and peoples (Isaiah 60:1-11, RSV; Psalms 72:10; Isaiah 45:14; Haggai 2:7, RSV). It is important to note that all the Old Testament promises looking forward to a time of restoration for the Jews were given in anticipation of their return from captivity (see Isaiah 10:24-34; 14:1-7; 27:12, 13; 40:2; 61:4-10; Jeremiah 16:14-16; 23:3-8; 25:11; 29:10-13; 30:3-12; 32:7-27, 37-44; Ezekiel 34:11-15; 37; Amos 9:10-15; Micah 2:12, 13; etc.).

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